This report investigates the accuracy and reliability of seabird flight height data that are used to mitigate impacts of offshore wind farms on seabird populations. Through a set of trials, we set out to validate Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-coupled Digital Aerial Surveys (DAS), and to a lesser extent size-based methods. Additional technologies evaluated in the trials included bird-borne Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry tags and human-operated laser rangefinders. We found that the comparative performance of the two LiDAR-coupled Digital Aerial Survey suppliers varied based on system differences and weather conditions during surveys, particularly in terms of detection rates from different sensors. LiDAR flight height measurements, however, proved to be accurate and precise for both suppliers, with measurement uncertainties on the scale of centimetres. In contrast, size-based DAS estimates had uncertainties on the order of tens of metres. Findings from this study will directly inform the development of best practice guidance for seabird flight height data collection and analysis, supporting impact assessments for offshore wind farms while minimising ecological risks to seabird populations.

Sporting and leisure activities are common at the Northern Irish sea loughs. Human-related disturbances to foraging or resting waterbirds can come from a range of sources, from people on foot or using machines or vehicles, and from industrial or recreational activities. Such disturbances may cause birds to fly away to alternate areas or cause non-fleeing responses like increased vigilance. This pilot project builds on the findings of an analysis of within-site wintering waterbird trends, and provides a more targeted field-based study that directly assesses the potential responses of waterbirds to disturbance. A particular focus of the work is disturbance associated with intertidal aquaculture activities at sites across Northern Ireland, and the report seeks to set these in the context of disturbance events caused by other activities.

This study examines the foraging ranges of Herring Gulls and Lesser Black-backed Gulls during the breeding season to help identify and resolve potential human–wildlife conflicts.

How can emerging technologies be optimally harnessed in seabird monitoring?

This report presents results from the first year of passive acoustic monitoring as part of the pilot of the Rewilding Monitoring Framework, working with Radnorshire Wildlife Trust. These data will contribute to baselining and monitoring rewilding progress and its impact on biodiversity.

This report presents the main findings from survey work delivered using passive acoustic monitoring devices deployed across Connecting Constable and Gainsborough Country Landscape Recovery Project area.