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Breeding Waders of Wet Meadows
in England and Wales 2002

Lapwing photo by Mike Weston


Wet grasslands are amongst the most exciting of places to watch birds in the spring.  Breeding waders can be found in higher densities than anywhere else in lowland Britain, while on larger sites, Skylarks abound and Yellow Wagtails, scarce ducks such as Garganey and even birds of prey such as Marsh Harriers can frequently be found.

It is now 20 years since the last comprehensive survey of breeding waders in this fantastic but interminably threatened habitat.  A partial survey in 1989 highlighted the rapid changes in bird numbers on wet meadows with Lapwing and Snipe decreasing alarmingly in just seven years since the 1982 survey, while conversely Oystercatcher numbers increased.  We know from other surveys that wader populations levels have continued to change in recent years but have little data from many of the most important wader breeding grounds in lowland England & Wales.

The use and abuse of our floodplains has made headline news in recent years as winter floodwaters have inundated a succession of towns across the country.  The potential conservation value of natural flood defences, such as flood meadows, has to be at the forefront of any forward planning for river catchments.  This timely survey, organised jointly by the RSPB (www.rspb.org.uk), BTO, English Nature (www.english-nature.org.uk) and Defra (www.defra.gov.uk) has updated our knowledge of the status of waders on well over 1000 sites across England and Wales.

 

SURVEY METHODS

Most of the sites surveyed in 2002 were also surveyed in the previous national survey in 1982 but additionally, some newly created sites were covered for the first time.  The sites, which averaged 150 hectares (1.5km2), were visited by BTO fieldworkers on three occasions between mid April and mid June 2002, and all waders mapped on large-scale maps.

Sites were concentrated in those areas in which lowland wet grassland is extensive, such as East England, North Kent, Somerset Levels and Severn Valley.  The map opposite shows the area covered (in hectares) by 10-km square.

 

 

RESULTS

Preliminary results, showing the number of waders recorded in each county and estimates of population change between 1982 and 2002 can be found at County by county summaries. Results of the survey can be found in Wilson et al. 2005.

For details and maps for each wader species click on the link below:

Oystercatcher

Lapwing

Snipe

Curlew

Redshank

County by county summaries

Click on a region to go to the county summaries for that region.

click here to go to North East Region click here to go to South East Region click here to go to Yorkshire and the Humberside Region click here to go to East Midlands Region click here to go to East England Region click here to go to South West Region click here to go to North West Region click here to go to West Midlands Region click here to go to Wales Region Click here to go to South East & London

Table 1.  Sites covered and breeding pairs of waders located by county, Government Office Region and country

Country

Region

County

Number of sites

Area (hectares)

Oyster-
catcher

Lapwing

Snipe

Curlew

Redshank

England

981

138201

965

5273

564

407

2437

 

East England

265

32524

327

1834

363

19

1071

   

Bedfordshire

5

370

1

0

0

0

0

   

Cambridgeshire

40

4361

23

478

273

0

363

   

Essex

16

1884

32

114

0

9

161

   

Hertfordshire

33

2222

0

21

0

0

2

   

Norfolk

101

15869

184

1010

84

7

409

   

Suffolk

70

7818

87

211

6

3

136

     
 

East Midlands

52

5871

9

142

3

8

18

   

Derbyshire

5

554

2

7

1

0

1

   

Leicestershire

1

44

0

0

0

0

0

   

Lincolnshire

14

378

4

34

2

0

3

   

Northamptonshire

11

2861

0

38

0

2

10

   

Nottinghamshire

21

2034

3

63

0

6

4

     

Northeast England

63

6491

42

210

9

48

43

   

Durham

9

375

2

13

0

11

0

   

Northumberland

54

6116

40

197

9

37

43

     
 

Northwest England

63

7574

314

771

43

119

178

   

Cheshire

11

338

0

40

1

0

0

   

Cumbria

26

4861

197

337

36

95

71

   

Greater Manchester

12

790

6

83

3

0

9

   

Lancashire

12

1435

111

293

3

24

87

   

Merseyside

2

150

0

18

0

0

11

     
 

Southeast England

253

38632

235

1502

11

44

876

   

Berkshire

24

2565

0

57

0

0

2

   

Buckinghamshire

26

3572

1

21

0

2

11

   

Hampshire

56

5785

16

148

3

6

68

   

Isle of Wight

1

190

0

9

0

0

1

   

Kent

39

8810

196

868

3

0

685

   

London

4

236

0

9

0

0

3

   

Oxfordshire

39

5456

2

141

1

36

18

   

Surrey

24

2139

0

41

0

0

7

   

Sussex

40

9879

20

208

4

0

81

     
  Southwest England  
141

2570

15
329
40
65
99
   

Avon

31

3240

0

18

0

0

2

   

Cornwall

1

64

0

0

0

0

0

   

Devon

10

2088

0

6

0

2

4

   

Dorset

10

896

1

30

0

0

18

   

Gloucestershire

39

6214

11

119

1

26

23

   

Somerset

30

11165

3

149

39

35

51

   

Wiltshire

20

2053

0

7

0

2

1

 

West Midlands

107

17456

9

257

4

37

33

   

Herefordshire

50

7897

2

96

0

18

11

   

Shropshire

13

3047

1

28

0

13

1

   

Staffordshire

37

5533

5

113

4

6

20

   

Warwickshire

5

832

1

11

0

0

1

   

West Midlands

2

147

0

9

0

0

0

     
 

Yorkshire & Humber

37

3933

14

228

91

67

119

   

Humberside

17

1315

4

77

45

35

43

   

North Yorkshire

14

912

7

81

37

32

38

   

South Yorkshire

5

1688

3

70

9

0

38

   

West Yorkshire

1

18

0

0

0

0

0

     

Wales

65

11499

8

121

12

28

19

   

Anglesey

8

1168

2

12

0

6

0

   

Clwyd

1

172

0

27

0

2

0

   

Dyfed

7

1002

0

1

0

0

0

   

Glamorgan

17

2544

0

2

0

0

0

   

Gwent

8

2567

3

62

0

5

19

   

Gwynedd

14

2513

2

13

0

4

0

   

Powys

10

1533

1

4

12

11

0

     

England & Wales

1046

149700

973

5394

576

435

2456

     
 

Table 2.  Percentage changes in breeding pairs of waders between 1982 and 2002 by county, Government Office Region and country (+ increase from 0 in 1982, - none in 1982 or 2002)

Country

Region

County

Number of sites

Area (hectares)

Oyster-
catcher

Lapwing

Snipe

Curlew

Redshank

England

781

112336

53

-35

-62

-33

-15

 

East England

225

28549

89

-23

-61

-9

-3

   

Bedfordshire

5

370

+

-100

-

-

-100

   

Cambridgeshire

39

4341

130

-29

-51

-

13

   

Essex

8

928

700

85

-

-

173

   

Hertfordshire

33

2222

-

-79

-100

-

-80

   

Norfolk

89

14191

62

4

-76

133

9

   

Suffolk

51

6497

95

-59

-88

-63

-63

                   
 

East Midlands

44

5619

0

-54

-90

20

-90

   

Derbyshire

5

554

+

-67

+

-

-93

   

Leicestershire

1

44

-

-100

-

-

-100

   

Lincolnshire

11

329

-63

-66

-82

-100

-94

   

Northamptonshire

7

2689

-

-75

-100

-

-86

   

Nottinghamshire

20

2003

+

-8

-100

100

-82

                   
 

Northeast England

62

6213

-9

-38

-50

-28

-59

   

Durham

9

375

-50

-43

-100

175

-100

   

Northumberland

53

5838

-5

-38

-47

-41

-58

                   
 

Northwest England

45

5857

12

-30

-41

-39

-28

   

Cheshire

7

259

-100

-72

-83

-100

-

   

Cumbria

25

4501

5

-31

125

-38

-50

   

Greater Manchester

2

22

-

-82

-50

-

-67

   

Lancashire

9

925

33

-13

-93

-37

39

   

Merseyside

2

150

-100

-51

-100

-

38

                   
 

Southeast England

194

28978

200

-30

-90

-34

4

   

Berkshire

24

2565

-

-23

-100

-

-89

   

Buckinghamshire

25

3558

+

-82

-100

-83

-45

   

Hampshire

28

2719

+

-81

-96

-75

-71

   

Isle of Wight

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

   

Kent

37

8166

175

29

-67

-

45

   

London

2

174

-

-93

-

-

-100

   

Oxfordshire

36

5112

+

-54

-93

-11

-64

   

Surrey

23

2072

-

-51

-100

-

0