ࡱ> | ~ i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { 3 $bjbjKK 8 )w)wJl"""djjj%rxn$^`<8 ;;;;?; W r$Lu lwv5r"XX\XX5r-""hJrB---Xh"";-X;--F3J""Pb К+jOPrHrPwx%JwP-"""" SPECIFICATION FOR RINGING-DATA EXCHANGE FILE FORMAT Specification 3.40 The BTO Ringing Unit encourages the submission of ringing data (relating to newly-ringed birds, retraps and recoveries, including controls) in the form of computer data files via email to  HYPERLINK mailto:ringing.data@bto.org ringing.data@bto.org or on floppy disks. To enable smooth operation of this system, and minimise the risk of incorrect data being incorporated into the BTOs computerised archives, there are two essential requirements: ALL data files and disks MUST conform to the format expected by the system; and ALL data to be submitted MUST have passed a preliminary verification, performed by a program supplied by the BTO, before despatch to BTO HQ. This document sets out the technical specification for the content and format of computer data files (and disks) containing ringing data for verification and subsequent submission to the BTO Ringing Unit. This format applies to ALL such files and not just to those produced using the IPMR (and B-RING) programs. This document is primarily intended for users who wish to prepare appropriate submission files using their own systems and programs; most of the information it contains will be embodied in the relevant parts of the IPMR program, so users of this program do not need to study it unless they wish to do so. Ringers writing their own software should follow this specification carefully. Please note that all data will still have to be verified (in IPMR) before submission to BTO HQ. Queries about the procedure for sending emails or submitting disks and the data on them should be directed to BTO HQ (Tel: 01842 750050, Email: ringing@bto.org); for programming and other technical queries: IPMR Mark Cubitt (Email: mark@cubes.f9.co.uk). B-RING David Coker ( Tel: 0118-901-6339, Email: david.coker@btinternet.com). Submission of Ringing Data Files A ringing data submission file should be prepared and submitted to the Ringing Unit: a) when 3 months have elapsed since the last file was submitted AND there are at least 200 newly-ringed birds to be reported; OR when 6 months have elapsed since ringing of a bird which has not yet been reported to the Ringing Unit; OR c) when the number of newly-ringed birds not yet reported reaches 1,000 (irrespective of the time elapsed since the last file was submitted); OR by the end of February at the very latest in each year if any bird ringed in the previous year has not yet been reported to the Ringing Unit; OR e) if there is a specific need to submit a submission file at a particular time (eg to report a newly-controlled bird). A ringing data submission file should include details of all birds ringed but not yet reported to the Ringing Unit at the time the file is prepared; so a file submitted under d) above may include details of birds ringed in January or February of the current year in addition to those ringed in the previous year. Each file should be emailed to  HYPERLINK mailto:ringing.data@bto.org ringing.data@bto.org or on put a clearly labelled disk, which should be mailed to BTO HQ using a disk mailer obtainable from the Ringing Unit. Email The email must contain the following information: Name(s) and Permit number(s) of ringer(s), partnership(s) and/or group(s) whose data are in the file(s) Name(s) of data file(s) which are attached (see below) One or more attached submission files Explanatory remarks eg if file(s) contains corrections to data already submitted Disk Format The following disk format is also acceptable: PC: 3 high (1.44MB) density disks Disk Label The disk must have affixed a label containing the following information: Name(s) and permit number(s) of ringer(s), partnership(s) and/or group(s) whose data are on the disk Name(s) of data file(s), which are on the disk (see below) Pre-printed labels with space for this information are available from the Ringing Unit. Disk Volume Label (ie 'volume label' or 'name' stored magnetically on the disk itself). This label has no significance to the Ringing Unit system; accordingly it may have any value or be left blank. Email or Disk Contents An email will have attached, or disk will carry, one or more data files each conforming to the data file naming scheme and format specified below. An email or single disk may carry files for more than one ringer/partnership/group. However ALL records (whether for newly-ringed birds, retraps or recoveries, including controls) in an individual file must include the same permit number (ie the permit number to which the newly-used rings were issued or transferred); for controlled birds reported in a submission file the Ringing Unit will send the original ringing details to the address on record for the permit number specified in that file, or member of the public (MOP) finder if the details are included in the finder field (94). Data for birds ringed outside UK and Ireland using BTO scheme rings can (from 2005) be submitted electronically using a separate foreign version of IPMR, available directly from Mark Cubitt. No files other than verified ringing data files should be present on the disk. Data File Names A ringing data file name must have the general form NNNNN.YYS where: NNNNN (permit number) is the single number to which the new rings reported in the file were issued or transferred. The permit number should be expressed as two to five digits, with no leading zeroes; the permit type (eg A) and any endorsement (eg M or P) should not be included. This number is followed by a full stop. YY (year of preparation) is the calendar year in which the data file was prepared for submission to the Ringing Unit. A data file may contain data for handlings in years prior to the year of preparation (eg the first file prepared in each year may contain data for remaining unreported rings used at the end of the previous year). The year should be expressed as two digits (decades and units), with a leading zero if necessary (eg 96 for 1996, 02 for 2002). S (sequence indicator) is one plus the total number of files already prepared and submitted to the Ringing Unit in relation to the permit number NNNNN during the current calendar year. This sequence number should start at 1, and increment by 1 for each successive file submitted; if more than nine files are submitted in one calendar year, the sequence indicator should step through the letters of the alphabet, starting with A (=10). Thus the fifth file in 2001 containing data on rings issued to permit number 3242 would be named 3242.015, the twelfth file would be named 3242.01C, and the eighth file in 2002 would be named 3242.028. ZIP file submissions One (and only one) data file can be included within a zip file. The name of the included file must conform to the specification above. The ZIP file name must be of the format NNNNN_YYS.zip where these are defined as above. Files produced in v2.2 of IPMR (2005 onwards) will be automatically zipped as part of the submission creation process. Data File Format A ringing data file must consist of one or more records (lines), each record giving the details for a single bird in accordance with the data record format specified below, followed by a total count record as specified below. The contents of a file must be in plain text form, ie as a sequence of ASCII codes representing the sequence of alphanumeric characters forming the data items and their separators. Data should not be stored in any further-encoded form (such as the encoding of numeric values). Decimal points should be included explicitly where relevant. A ringing data file may contain records for rings of one or more sizes, and records may be in any order. Header Record Format The first record should be a comment line containing a structured set of values. Each value is separated by a comma and must not contain a comma. The format is: SOFTWARE VALIDATION CREATION DATE/TIME, APPVERSION, SPECIFICATION, OS eg *IPMR,I,15/04/2004 15:02,2.1.75,3.30,3.95 FieldMeaningValid valuesSOFTWARESoftware that created file*IPMR, *B-RING or *MACRINGVALIDATIONType of validation: Internal or ExternalI or ECREATION DATE/TIMEDate and time that submission file createddd/mm/yyyy hh:mmAPPVERSIONVersion of Application that produced fileApplication determined eg 2.1.75 or 2.20SPECIFICATIONSubmission specification version3.30 or 3.40OSOperating system running softwareDOS or Windows version eg 3.95 Optionally a second comment line can be present which allows the submitter to specify an email address. The EMAILADDRESS must contain no spaces and one @ character. The format is: *mailto:EMAILADDRESS eg *mailto:bridget.griffin@bto.org Further comment lines (which must start with an asterisk), for example containing warnings about not altering the content of the file may be added as required. Data Record Format A data record consists of a series of fields. The content and required sequence of these fields are specified in Appendix A. Successive fields are separated by a comma character (ASCII code 44). Any field, which may include a comma character (including PLACE NAME field 20 and EXTRA TEXT - field 63) must be enclosed in double quote marks (ASCII code 34); double quote marks are not permitted within any field. Any field for which there is no value is left empty but the comma characters separating it from adjacent fields must still be present (ie two commas immediately following one another signify a null field); thus each record must have a full complement of comma separators (one fewer than the total number of fields). There must not be any leading or trailing spaces in any field. Where code fields contain alphabetic characters these must be in upper case. Every record (line) in a data file must be self-contained, with all relevant values indicated explicitly. No ditto marks should be used, even if the value of a field is repeated in successive records. The end of a record is marked by a new line character sequence, the exact form of which varies from system to system; for MS-DOS files it is a CRLF pair (ASCII 13,10); for Macintosh files it is a CR alone (ASCII 13). Total Count Record Format After the last record in a file the total count of data records in the file should be indicated on a separate line, as a sequence of ASCII codes representing the digits making up the count, followed by an end of record marker. This count is exclusive of comment lines and the total record count itself; thus a file containing fifty data records, for a complete string of rings, would end with a total record count containing the value 50 (and not 51). Note: The data file format specified above is different from that of the BTO Micro-Computer Coding Scheme for Bird Ringing Data (used by B-RING for data files): in particular the identity and sequence of data fields are fixed, so there is no header. Data Verification In order to minimise the risk of incorrect or suspect data entering the BTO's computer archives, all ringing data files to be supplied to the Ringing Unit must pass a preliminary verification before despatch to the BTO HQ. This verification can be carried out using IPMR, which can be downloaded from the BTO website ( HYPERLINK "http://www.bto.org" www.bto.org). The program is also available (on CD only) free of charge from the Ringing Unit. IPMR Captures> Validate externally produced submission files menu option reads data files conforming to the format defined above and performs various checks (eg validity of species, habitat and region codes, appropriate ring size - as indicated by the ring number - for the species, consistency between codes used in different fields, and consistency of any biometrics with expected ranges for the species). Any discrepancy is reported to the user, alternatively original data files can be amended, a new file for the Ringing Unit prepared and the verification program re-run. If no discrepancy is found a verification code derived from the contents of the data file is appended to the file to indicate to the BTO computer system that the verification has been completed successfully. The data fields specified in Appendix A include some that are mandatory and some that are optional (eg for biometrics, though ringers are strongly encouraged to submit these). Sometimes a computer program for preparing ringing data according to this format may not have all the mandatory data available to it (eg a user's data files may not contain details of the original ring carried by a re-ringed bird). In this case a preliminary data file must be edited manually (eg to insert the original ring number) prior to verification. Other Notes 1 Handlings (new birds, retraps or recoveries, including controls) should be reported to the Ringing Unit once only in a ringing submission file; such a file should not normally contain details of rings reported in a previous submission file. However, repetition of a record is permissible to correct any inaccuracy in the record as originally submitted. Note: for any duplicate records that are received by the Ringing Unit the latest version is generally assumed to be correct (unless it is obvious that it was sent in error). Likewise, details of a controlled bird, which are reported in a submission file should not be reported on a paper recovery form as well. (If it is desired to report a controlled bird without delay, a submission file may be submitted with a file containing a single record relating to that bird.). If the original ringing details have not been received from the Ringing Unit for the control, DO NOT resubmit the control in a subsequent data file, contact the Ringing Unit to check the reason for the delay. Note that, if the ringing details for a bird are specifically requested by the Ringing Unit (ie on a 'Blue Card'), the requested information should be supplied immediately by sending in a data submission file. 2 Ringers ringing species on Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act at sites they wish to be confidential should submit the open details. Confidential details should be sent in on paper schedules see Ringers Manual for details. 3 It is suggested that programs for preparing ringing data submission files should produce a report summarising the contents of a file by species and record type, species and place, and species and date. This report is not required by the Ringing Unit but may assist the user to make a manual cross-check of the records contained in the file. 4 A comma-delimited file as required by this specification is available as an output option in a variety of commercial application programs, such as spreadsheet and database programs. 5 When a submission file is received at BTO HQ it is scanned for viruses. Email submissions receive an immediate, automated reply. Attached email files and disk files are checked for record counts and validation codes and then the data files are copied over to the BTO's main computer where additional checks are performed (eg for new rings, were the rings issued or transferred to the relevant permit number). Once the data have been transferred, a reply email is sent or the disk is returned confirming data have been loaded. If any problems have been encountered it may not be possible to transfer part or all of a file, in this case a note of the problem is returned with the email or disk and the ringer is asked to resubmit the data 6 Examples of the format specified above are given in Appendix B2 List of Appendices AContent & Sequence of Fields comprising a Ringing Data RecordEFHabitat Codes EURING region codesB1: Example ringing data records; 2: Example ringing data fileGSpecies with precocial young or others where brood size may not be knownCRinging Scheme codesHColour Mark CodingDSpecies codes for birds occurring in Britain and IrelandIRace Codes APPENDIX A-1 Summary of Fields comprising a Ringing Data Record 1Record type37Time of weighing73Userc12 Permit number38Wing measurers initials74Userc23 Ringing scheme39Wing length75Userc34 Ring number40State of wing point76Userc45 Species41Length of primary feather77Userc56 Age42Moult code78Userv17 Sex43Primary moult score79Userv28 Pulli ringed44Primary moult80Userv39 Pulli alive45Old greater coverts81Userv410 Condition of bird46Alula82Userv511 Ring information47 Bill length method83Left leg below tarsus colour mark12 Sexing method48 Bill length84Right leg below tarsus colour mark13 Activity code 149 Total head length/THL (head+bill length)85Left leg above tarsus colour mark14 Activity code 250Bill depth method86Right leg above tarsus colour mark15 Date of capture51 Bill depth87Neck collar colour mark16 Time of capture52 Tarsus method88Left wing colour mark17 Habitat code 153 Tarsus length89Right wing colour mark18 Habitat code 254 Tail length90Nasal colour mark19 Registered site code55 Claw length91Sample20 Place name56 Plumage92Time nearest high tide21 Region code57 Brood patch93Fat score method22 Grid reference58 Fat score94Finder23 Grid reference accuracy59 Pectoral muscle score95IPMR Observation Bird Identifier 24 Latitude - degrees60 Capture method96Project code 125 Latitude - minutes61 Pullus Stage code97Project Registration 1 26 Latitude - hemisphere62 Race98Project code 227 Longitude - degrees63Submission extra text99Project Registration 228 Longitude - minutes64Validation codes100Project code 329 Longitude - hemisphere65Capture type101Project Registration 330 Co-ordinate accuracy66Place code 102Body Moult code31 Finding condition67Subsite 103Tail Fork length32 Other ringing scheme68Processors Initials 104Extractors Initials33 Other ring number69Date accuracy105Ringers Initials34 Biometrics flag70Finding circumstances106Checkers Initials35Weight71Own data107Nest Recorder code36Date of weighing72Own data 2108Nest Record Number 109Euring code130BTO Record_ID110Sibley-monroe Species Code131Edit_flag111CES subsite type132Moved by112Secondaries moult scores133Finding Circumstances Presumed113Tail Moult scores134BTO Extra Text114Primary covert moult scores135Ring Number Verified115Greater covert moult scores136Identification Verified116Carpal covert moult scores137BTO Finder117Alula moult scores138 Reporter118Left wing primary moult scores139Submission Flag119Left wing Secondaries moult scores140Captures Key120LeftTail Moult scores141Submission Finding Circumstance Code121Left wing Primary covert moult scores122Left wing Greater covert moult scores123Left wing Carpal covert moult score124Left wing Alula moult scores125Lesser & Medium covert moult126Underwing covert moult127Head moult128Upperparts moult129Underparts moult APPENDIX A-2 Content and Sequence of Fields comprising a Ringing Data Record Fields marked *** must always contain a value; fields marked ** must normally contain a value; fields marked * must have a value for certain categories of record, as indicated. This record format is independent of the BTO coding scheme for ringing data held on computers. However, to assist users of that scheme the fields in that scheme which correspond to fields specified in this record format are indicated where appropriate. seq fieldno1 ***Record type (RTYPE$)Character = 1. One code only, from the following list: N New bird (or ring lost/missing/destroyed) R Retrap 1 Retrap, ring replaced 2 Retrap, ring added 3 Retrap, already with two rings C Control 4 Control, ring replaced 5 Control, ring added 6 Control, already with two rings S Control (field record/Observation) 8 Control (field record/Observation) already with two (metal) rings O Retrap (field recordObservation) usually ringers Own bird A Anything Else X Dead (except pulli which die before fledging) 9 Dead, already with two rings P Pullus which died before fledging (must be the sole record for a bird ie should be used instead of N where a bird is ringed and subsequently dies before fledging) Keep date the same = date of ringing E New bird, excluded from ringing totals (eg captive-bred birds, birds in poor condition, birds captive for more than 24 hours) M Measurement only (Metal ring number not known)  For type E, an appropriate Condition code (H, P, C or R) must also appear in the condition of the bird field (field 10). For types R, C, S, O, 1 to 6 and 8, the time (typically of capture) must appear in the time field (field 16), to enable multiple records of a bird on one day to be distinguished. For types R, C and 1 to 6, the appropriate code (8, or 7 if the bird was caught and released by a member of the public) must also appear in the Finding Condition field (field 31). For types X and 9, the appropriate code (1, 2, 3 21 or 22) must also appear in the Finding Condition field (field 31), and a brief description of finding circumstances must also appear in the Submission Extra Text field (field 63). For types O, S and 8, the appropriate code (89, or 79 if the sighting was by a member of the public) must also appear in the Finding Condition field. and the type of ring read selected from the list in the Finding Circumstances field (field 70). For type A the appropriate code (0, 4 5, 6, 7 or 9) must also appear in the Finding Condition field (field 31) and a brief description of the birds condition (eg found sick, released), and the circumstances in which it was found must appear in the Submission Extra Text field (field 63). For types N, E and P no code should appear in the finding condition field. seq fieldno2 ***Permit number (RPN) Numeric max 5. For new birds: the permit number to which the ring identified at field 4 was issued or transferred. For retraps and controls: the permit number of the group, partnership or individual A ringer responsible (ie to whom rings used at the site were issued). Two to five digits, with no leading zeroes; permit type (eg A) and any endorsement (eg M, P) should be omitted (eg 579, 3079). seq fieldno3 ***Ringing scheme (SCHEME$).Character = 3. The code for the ringing scheme which issued the ring identified at field 4 - Ring Number (see Appendix C); for all newly-ringed birds (record types N, P and E or 1, 2, 4, 5) this is GBT4 ***Ring number (RING$) Character max 12.Record type N,E,P R,C,S,X,P,O,A 1,2,4,5 3,6,8,9 Contents of this field The number of the ring placed on the bird, must be a valid and existing ring number The number of the ring already on the bird The number of the new ring placed on the bird, must be a valid and existing ring number The number of one of the two rings on the birdMissing or unreadable characters should be entered as _ (underscore), not valid for newly ringed birds (record types N, P, E or 1, 2, 4, 5) 12 characters maximum 5 ***Species (SPEC$)Character = 5. Species code from the approved Ringing Unit list (see Appendix D). Note that names which contain fewer than five letters are padded with trailing periods (eg JAY.., KNOT., WREN.). The following codes are also allowed: *LOST ring lost *MISS ring missing *DEST ring destroyed HYBRI hybrid species; when used then the names of the species must appear in the Extra Text field *UNKN ring used but ringing data lostIf code ****1 is used for a rarity then the name of the species must appear in the Submission Extra Text field (field 63).6**Age (AGE$)Character max 2. EURING age code. 1J, 2J, 3J, 5J, 4I, 6I and 8I should be entered where appropriate. Note that the code for pullus is 1, not P. Required value except for rings lost / missing / destroyed/unknown. Maximum value 16.7Sex (SEX$).Character = 1. Sex. M or F; leave empty if not known8*Pulli ringed (BFRACT1%)Numeric max 2. Total number of birds ringed in this brood. Leading zeroes are not necessary. Required for pulli (age code 1) including record type (field seq fieldno recordtype1) P (ie pullus which died before fledging). Where number from a brood that have been ringed is not known because of creching then enter 1. Where some pulli are removed for ringing,translocation & release (eg Red Kite) then record the number ringed at the time (ie not including the ones removed to be ringed at another location) but the pulli alive should be recorded as the total number of pulli (ie include the ones removed for release elsewhere). A supplementary note in the submission text field (field 63) noting X pulli removed for translocation & release should be inlcuded). Optional for local young (age code 1J) and young (age code 3) Mute Swans. Not allowed for other age codes.9*Pulli alive (BFRACT2%).Numeric max 2. Total number of birds alive in this brood at the time of ringing, including runts and any others not ringed (including those that are removed for translocation & release eg Red Kites). Must be a figure not less than Pulli Ringed. Must not be present if Pulli Ringed value not present. For species with precocial young as given in Appendix G if the brood size is not known (eg Lapwings), leave empty. If number of pulli alive is not known and species is not listed in Appendix G then this field can be left blank if an explanatory comment is added to Extra Text (field 63). Leading zeroes are not necessary. Required for pulli (age code 1) if known unless record type (field seq fieldno recordtype1) is P (ie pullus which died before fledging). Optional for local young (age code 1J) and young (age code 3) Mute Swans10*Condition of bird (COND$)Character = 1. One code only, from the following list: H captive-bred (ie with Human involvement) P Poor condition C Captive more than 24 hours M Manipulated on ringing (eg radio transmitter added) R in poor condition because captured (Ringing accident) N held over Night T transported To place specified at fields 19 to 30 K Fledging provoKedIf code T is specified here, the place specified at fields 19 to 30 must be the place where the bird is released. If multiple codes are applicable the one which occurs first in the list should be selected: for example, if a radio transmitter is fitted to a bird which is held overnight, the correct code is M. Required (with value H, P, C or R) if the record type (field seq fieldno recordtype1) is E. H only allowed with record type E Record type N not permitted for P, C and H11*Ring information (RINFO$)Character = 1. One code only, from the following list: U individual (Unique) colour mark, eg Wing tag I Individual colour ring combination M colour Mark (not ring), not individually identifiable, eg leg flag or dye R conventional colour Ring(s), not individually Identifiable A any metal ring Above tarsus W Wing tag (not a ring or colour mark), ie this bird is wing-tagged instead of being ringed; normally only used for penguins, not for coloured wing tags (which are codes U or M) O On tarsus (indicates re-ringed at finding) S Metal ring already present X Metal ring removed N No metal ring If multiple codes are applicable the one which occurs first in the list should be selected: for example, if a wader is dye-marked and has a metal ring above the tarsus, the correct code is M. Required only for records where a colour mark has been added or changed, where the colour mark codes are detailed in the appropriate field (83-90) otherwise leave blank (see fields 83-90).12*Sexing method (SXMTD$)Character = 1. Required if birds sexed by using method other than plumage. In order to provide information on breeding seasons ringers are asked to collect this information even when birds have been sexed using plumage. One code only, from the following list: D DNA T DissecTed L Laproscopy E internal cloacal Examination C Cloacal protuberance (males only) B Brood patch (females only) S Size difference (ie a measurement such as wing length is the only criterion of sexing) A Activity If multiple codes are applicable, the one that occurs first in the list should be selected: for example, B for sexed on brood patch and measurement. Code C may only be used if sex is M Code B may only be used if sex is F 13*Activity code 1 (ACT$)Character = 1. Required if bird is carrying out any of these activities when caught. One code only, from the following list: A Artificial bait provided intentionally or Unintentionally T Tape lured L at Lighthouse S at Sea N Nesting/breeding adult C at Colony (must not be used for pulli) M Moult of wings or tail R at Roost P on Passage W WinteringIf multiple codes are applicable, the one that occurs first in the list should be selected; a second code may be entered in the following field only if this field is completed. If active moult is indicated among the biometrics (ie fields 42, 43 or 44), code M should be entered here or in the next field if higher priority codes are not already in these fields. Conversely, code M should not be present if any of fields 42, 43 or 44 contain a value but, of those that are present, none indicate active moult (NB Active moult is defined as a bird which is currently growing some wing or tail feathers). It is acceptable for all of fields 42, 43 and 44 to be blank and Activity code to be M.14*Activity code 2 (ACT2$)Character = 1. One code only, as for Activity code 1. May only be completed if Activity code 1 is present.15 **Date of capture (DAY%,MONTH%,YEAR%)Numeric = 8. In sequence day month year, all as numbers with leading zeroes. The year should have four digits. Examples: 1 January 1996 = 01011996, 29 September 2002 = 29092002. Required except for rings lost/missing/destroyed/Unknown. If date is not known exactly, the beginning and end of the range of possible dates should be put in the Submission Extra Text field (field 6seq fieldno extratext3), and the appropriate date accuracy in days in the Date Accuracy field ( field 69).16 *Time of capture (and possibly of weighing) (TIMC% or TIM%)Numeric = 4. Local time (eg BST in summer, GMT in winter): 24-hour clock, hours and minutes, IPMR (and B-RING) allow four digits to be input.Required if the record type (field seq fieldno recordtype1) is R, C, S, 1 to 6 or 8 (retrap, control, etc.), or if there is an interval between capture and weighing (eg cannon-net catches of waders, and roost catches). If time of capture is the same as time of weighing, duplicate time of weighing here.17 **Habitat code 1 (HAB1$)Character = 2. One two-character habitat code, using the appropriate letter and Column A code from the BTO Habitat Coding Scheme (see Appendix E; note that code G10 becomes GA for electronic ringing data files). Required except for rings lost/missing/destroyed/unknown or when Finding Condition = 8 or 89 and (in IPMR) where Place code is not an Owner Place. In this case the user should be requested to enter the habitat code if it is known.18Habitat code 2 (HAB2$)Character = 2. One optional additional habitat code, as for Habitat code 1. May only be completed if Habitat code 1 is present. Should not be the same as Habitat code 1.19 **Registered site code (REGCODE$)Character = 3. (Applicable only to birds ringed within the British Isles) 3-letter site code, Alphabetic characters only. if any, registered with the Ringing Unit under the permit number at field seq fieldno permitnumber2 in respect of the place of ringing or of release if transported - Condition code T (field 10). From summer 2005 new sites are no longer registered, but existing registered site codes will be maintained and submitted in electronic data files.20 **Place name (PLNAME$)Character max 40, enclosed in (and not including) double quote marks Name of place of ringing or of release if transported Condition code T (field 10). Omit if the ring is lost/missing/destroyed/unknown; otherwise must be included. In the case of confidential ringing sites, this field should contain the text Site Confidential (including the double-quote marks) it may also contain a vague name (see Other Notes - 2 above) or its registered site code. For ERH Sitename1 & Sitename2 on the ORACLE Sites table are concatenated, separated by a comma, to a maximum of 80 Characters. 21 **Region code (IRPL$)Character max 5 (field length of 4 for 3.40 spec or lower for foreign places). EURING region (county) code (see Appendix F). Required except for rings lost/missing/destroyed/unknown.22 **Grid reference (GRID$)Character max 6. (Applicable only to birds ringed in Britain and Ireland). Character Grid reference of ringing place, to 1 km accuracy. Two letters (or I and one letter for Ireland) followed by four digits. Required except for rings lost/missing/destroyed/unknown.23Grid reference Accuracy (GRIDACC$)Numeric max 2. (Applicable only to birds ringed in Britain and Ireland). Grid reference accuracy: distance in km (0,1 or 2) of maximum extent of site from central location identified at field 22 or deliberate inaccuracy in km (5 to 25 or 99) of grid reference for a confidential ringing record.24 *Latitude degrees (IRLA$)Numeric max 2. (Applicable only to, and required for, birds ringed outside Britain and Ireland) Degrees part of latitude of ringing place (0 to 90). 25 *Latitude minutes (IRLA$)Numeric max 2. (Applicable only to, and required for, birds ringed outside Britain and Ireland). Minutes part of latitude of ringing place (0 to 59).26 *Latitude hemisphere (IRLA$)Character = 1. (Applicable only to, and required for, birds ringed outside Britain and Ireland). Hemisphere containing latitude of ringing place: N for North or S for South.27 *Longitude degrees (IRLO$)Numeric max 3 . (Applicable only to, and required for, birds ringed outside Britain and Ireland) Degrees part of longitude of ringing place (0 to 180).28 *Longitude minutes (IRLO$)Numeric max 2. (Applicable only to, and required for, birds ringed outside Britain and Ireland). Minutes part of longitude of ringing place (0 to 59).29 *Longitude hemisphere (IRLO$)Character = 1. (Applicable only to, and required for, birds ringed outside Britain and Ireland). Hemisphere containing longitude of ringing place: E for East or W for West.30Co-ordinate accuracy (IRLACC$)Character max 3. (Applicable only to birds ringed outside Britain and Ireland). As a numeric value alone if in minutes; as a numeric value followed by the letter D if in degrees.31 *Finding condition (FIND$)Numeric max 2. One code only, from the following list: 0 Unknown 1 Dead - no information on how recently 2 Freshly dead (died less than one week ago) 21 Destroyed 22 Dying 3 Dead: Not fresh (died more than one week ago) 4 Sick or injured: now released 5 Sick or injured: not released or not known if released 6 Alive and probably healthy and taken into captivity 7 Alive and probably healthy and released by non- ringer 79 Field record by non-ringer 8 Controlled (by a ringer) 89 Field record by a ringer 9 Alive and probably healthy, fate unknown The normal code for a bird controlled or retrapped and released after examination of the ring is 8. Required if the record type (field seq fieldno recordtype1) is R, C, 1 to 6, S, 8, O, X, 9 or A.32 *Other ringing scheme (SCHEM2$)Character = 3. The code for the ringing scheme that issued the ring identified at field 33 (see Appendix C); GBT for the BTO ringing scheme. Required if there is a second ring at field 33.33Other ring number (RING2$)Character max 12. Record type Contents of this field 1,2,4,5 The number of the old ring already on the bird 3,6,8,9 The number of the other of the two rings on the bird Missing or unreadable characters should be entered as _ (underscore). 12 characters maximum. This field should be empty for all other record types.34 ***Biometrics flag This is an indicator to help ORACLE processing at BTO HQ.Numeric = 1. Fields 1-34, 60,63-82,94,95-101, 104-111 and 130-131 are ignored for the biometrics flag. Fields 35-59, 61,62, 91-93, 102-103 and 112-129 are defined as group A (Biometrics). Fields 83-90 are defined as group B (colour marks). Biometrics flag values: 0 if no values in group a or b 1 if values in group a 2 if values in group b 3 if values in group a & b35Weight (WT%)Numeric(real) max 7. Weight in grams, to a maximum precision of 0.1 g, with explicit decimal point (up to five digits plus, if appropriate, decimal point and fraction digit).36 *Date of weighing (WTDTE$)Numeric = 8. In sequence day month year, all as numbers with leading zeroes. The year should have four digits. Examples: 1 January 1996 = 01011996, 29 September 2002 = 29092002. Required if a weight is given at field 35; if date of weighing is the same as the date of capture (field 15), repeat date of capture here. Must be equal to, or after, date of capture. Not required if Capture Date/Time are not recorded, or a weight is not recorded.37 *Time of weighing (WTTIME%)Numeric = 4. Local time (eg BST in summer, GMT in winter): 24-hour clock, hours and minutes, . IPMR and B-RING allow four digits to be input. Required if a weight is given at field 35. Must be equal to, or later than, time of capture if date of weighing is same as date of capture. IF weight is given but no time is recorded, defaults to time of capture but IPMR issues a warning to record the time of weighing. Not required if Capture Date/Time are not recorded, or a weight is not recorded.38Wing measurer's initials (WINGINIT$)Character max 3. Initials of the person making the wing measurement recorded at field 39. Uppercase character.39Wing length (WING%)Numeric(real) max 5. Wing length in millimetres, to a maximum precision of 0.5 mm, with explicit decimal point (up to three digits plus decimal point plus fraction digit); flattened and straightened (Svensson method 3). It is recommended that wing length normally be measured to the nearest millimetre; however, a higher precision is permitted here to accommodate occasional circumstances in which it is justified.40State of wing point (POINT$)Character = 1. One code only, from the following list: A Abraded V Very abraded B Broken G Growing M feather Missing There should be no wing measurement recorded in WING% if codes V, B, G or M are recorded, except for pullus for which G is permitted.41Length of primary feather (PRIML%)Numeric(real) max 5. Length of primary feather (usually the eighth, numbered descendently) in millimetres, to nearest 0.5 mm, with explicit decimal point (up to three digits plus decimal point plus fraction digit).42Moult code (MOULT$)Character = 1. One code only, from the following list: J wholly Juvenile plumage P undergoing Post-juvenile body moult (see codes M, A if in full post- juvenile moult) B undergoing active Body moult - not a post-juvenile moult and not part of a Full moult of wings and tail O Old plumage, no body or main moult (includes birds that have completed partial post-juvenile moult, and also birds of unknown age in Autumn before 31/12 S Starting body moult: main moult yet to start wings and tail old E Ending body moult: main moult finished - wings and tail new N New plumage following main moult, no body or main moult (used for birds that have recently completed moult. Not used after 31 December) M* active Moult of wings and tail (main moult) A Arrested wing moult (primaries or secondaries) T Post-juvenile moult involving Tail or Tertials*if Moult Code = M then ACT$ or ACT2$ (fields 12 or 13) should be set to M if not already in use for other higher priority activity codes.43Primary moult score (PPSC%)Numeric max 2. Sum of moult scores (see next field) for primary feathers (0 to 50).If Primary Moult (field 44) is completed then this field must equal the sum of the first ten numeric values in field 44. A code of V in primary moult (field 44) should be scored as 0. If a code of U appears in primary moult (field 44), then this field should not be completed. If the Primary Moult Score is 1-49 (inclusive) then ACT$ or ACT2$ (fields 12 or 13) should be set to M if not already in use for other higher priority activity codes, unless score is because of arrested moult. If there is a value in Moult code and the Primary Moult Score is not 0 or 50 then Moult code must be M or A. If Moult code is A then Primary Moult Score must end in 0 or 5 as individual codes must all be 0, 5 or V. 44Primary moult (PPMLT$)Character max 20. Between ten and twenty moult scores for individual primary feathers, in sequence from the body outwards (descendently): 0 (zero, not letter O) for old to 5 (not letter N) for full grown new, V for very old, for each feather. Use code U for feathers where unknown if old or new. If any of the 10 Primary Moult Scores is 1-4 then ACT$ or ACT2$ (fields 12 or 13) should be set to M if not already in use of other higher priority activity codes. If Moult code is A then individual moult scores must not be in the range 1-4. If there is a value in Moult code and the sum of the individual moult scores is not 0 or 50 then the Moult code must be M or A. 45Old greater coverts (OGC%)Numeric =2. Progress of post-juvenile moult through the greater coverts number of old greater coverts (0 to 10).46Alula (ALULA%)Numeric = 1. Progress of post-juvenile moult through the two largest feathers of the alula; one code only, from the following list: 0 both old 1 largest old, other new 2 largest new, other old 3 both new47 *Bill length method (BLMTD$)Character = 1. One code only, from the following list: S to Skull F to Feathers C to Cere N to NostrilRequired if a bill length measurement is given at field 48.48Bill length (BILL%)Numeric(real) max 5. Length of bill in millimetres, to a precision of 0.1 mm if less than 100 mm; normally to a precision of 1 mm if 100 mm or more (maximum precision of 0.1 mm), with explicit decimal point (up to three digits plus, if appropriate, decimal point and fraction digit).49THL (head+bill length) (THL%)Numeric(real) max 5. Total head length (length of head plus bill) in millimetres, to a precision of 0.1 mm if less than 100 mm; normally to a precision of 1 mm if 100 mm or more (maximum precision of 0.1 mm), with explicit decimal point (up to three digits plus, if appropriate, decimal point and fraction digit).50 *Bill depth method (bdmtD$)Character = 1. One code only, from the following list: N at distal edge of Nostril T at Tip D at Deepest point along bill G at proximal end of Gonys F at Feathers B at Bone M at Midpoint O at any Other pointRequired if a bill depth measurement is given at field 5151Bill depth (BILLD%)Numeric(real) max 4. Depth of bill in millimetres, definitely to a precision of 0.1 mm, with explicit decimal point (up to two digits plus, if appropriate, decimal point and fraction digit).52 *Tarsus method (TSMTD$)Character = 1. One code only, from the following list: S Minimum tarsus (Svensson) length of tarso-metatarsal bone T Tarsus and Toe: length to end of longest toe, foot flattened on rule M Maximum tarsus (folded foot to extreme end of tarsal joint)Required if a tarsus measurement is given at field 53.53Tarsus length (TARSUS%)Numeric(real) max 5. Length of tarsus in millimetres, to a precision of 0.1 mm for methods S and M (field 52) and to a precision of 0.5 mm for method T, with explicit decimal point (up to three digits plus, if appropriate, decimal point and fraction digit).54Tail length (TAIL%)Numeric(real) max 5. Length of tail recorded to 0.5 mm, but more usually to nearest mm. (up to 3 digits plus, if appropriate, decimal point and fracton digit). Decimal point and fraction digit are optional and if missing does not imply reduced accuracy.55Claw length (CLAW%)Numeric(real) max 4. Length of hind claw in millimetres, ideally to a precision of 0.1 mm, with explicit decimal point (up to two digits plus, if appropriate, decimal point and fraction digit).56Plumage (PLUM$)Numeric = 1. One code only, from the following list: 1 full winter plumage 2 trace of summer plumage 3 summer plumage 4 summer plumage 5 summer plumage 6 trace of winter plumage 7 full summer plumageNote: codes J and I, if applicable, should appear in AGE (field seq fieldno age3). 57Brood patch (PATCH$)Character = 1. One code only, from the following list: 0 absent 1 starting 2 well defined 3 veined and red 4 wrinkled 5 feathering over P present58Fat score (FAT$)Numeric max 2. See Fat Score Method (Field 94) For Fat Score Method E one code only, from the following list based on codes described by A. Kaiser (1993, J. Field Ornithol. 64: 246-255) (F=Furcular region; A=Abdomen; B=Breast muscles; see diagrams below): 00 No fat, or trace 05 F: small strip. A: fat not delimited 10 F: wedge of fat. A: trace of fat. 15 F: almost completely covered. A: trace. 20 F: filled but concave. A: slips of fat. 25 F: filled but concave. A: very small pad. 30 F: moderate covering of clavicles. A: flat or slightly bulging pad. 35 F: still concave. A: slightly bulging. 40 F: completely filled up to far end of clavicles. A:covered by clearly bulging pad of fat. 45 F: filled to far end of clavicles. A: abdominal structures covered 50 F: convex bulge, perhaps overlapping breast muscles. A: extreme convex bulge. 55 F and A: flight muscle border covered by a few mm 60 F and A: fat covering breast muscles by several mm. 65 Fat reaches flight muscle from side of wings 70 F and A: of breast muscles covered. 75 Small rounded fat free area 80 F and A: breast muscles not visible.For Fat Score Method B one code only, from the following list based on codes described by BTO Biometrics Working Party0No visible Fat. Dark Red1F: trace of fat (~E05). Light red/pink2F: base of trachael pit obscured by fat to about one third full (~E10). Yellow-pink3F: Trach pit about two-thirds full. Muscle within trachael pit visible between fat and clavicles (~E15). Yellow-pink.4F: completely filled up to far end of clavicles but still concave (not bulging) (~E30)5F: convex bulge, perhaps overlapping breast muscles. A: extreme convex bulge (~E50).6F and A: fat covering breast muscles by several mm (~E60).7F and A: of breast muscles covered (~E70).8F and A: breast muscles not visible (~E80).59Pectoral muscle score (PEC%)Numeric = 1. Size of pectoral muscle. One code only, from the following list: Prominence of sternum Pectoral muscle shape 0 Sternum sharp Muscle depressed 1 Sternum easy to distinguish Muscle neither depressed, sharp nor rounded but not sharp 2 Sternum still distinguishable Muscle slightly rounded 3 Sternum difficult to distinguish Muscle rounded (full) 60Capture method (MTHOD$)Character = 1. One code only, from the following list: A Actively-triggered trap (by ringer) B trap automatically triggered by Bird C Cannon net or rocket net D Dazzling F caught in Flight by anything other than a static mist net (eg flicked, Fleyged) G nets put under waters surface and lifted H by Hand (with or without hook, noose etc.) L cLap net M Mist net N on Nest (any method) O any Other system P Pneumatic/Phut net R Round up whilst flightless S Bal-chatri or other Snare device T Helgoland Trap or duck decoy U dutch net for plUvialis apricaria V roosting in caVity W passive Walk-in/maze trap Field not applicable to pulli61Pullus Stage code (PULCODE$)Character = 2. Pullus stage code (not age in days). One code only, from the following list: DO Downy IP primary feathers In Pin FS primary Feathers Short: < 1/3 emerged from sheath FM primary Feathers Medium: 1/3 to 2/3 emerged from sheath FL primary Feathers Large: > 2/3 emerged from sheath  62Race (RACE$)Numeric max 2. If there is no race code this field should be null. See Appendix I for details of Race Codes (new for 3.40)  63 *Submission Extra text (TEXT)Character max 40 enclosed in (and not including) double quote marks. Required with brief description of finding circumstances if the record type (field seq fieldno recordtype1) is X or 9; Required with brief description of finding conditions and circumstances if the record type (field 1) is A; Required with the beginning and end of range of possible dates if an exact date cannot be given in field 15: Required with brief explanation of circumstances if the non-standard ring size used; Required if number of Age is 1 and pulli alive is not known and species is not listed in Appendix G. Required if record is being resubmitted ie to correct a previous error.64Validation codesNot loaded into ORACLE from submission files. Codes used internally by B-RINGs BTOCHK program to avoid multiple prompts for user to confirm record content. 65Capture TypeCharacter = 1. Not loaded into ORACLE from submission files. Always blank for ringing capture records with a ring number in submission files sent to BTO HQ. Only used for Electronic Recovery History files and Observation reports where metal ring not known (these are submitted to BTO HQ and currently printed out to send to colour mark co-ordinators).  O F RObservation records where bird has no unique metal ring number specifed in Ring Number (field 4), but has other means of identification currently colour marks. There should be no Ring Information value for these records. First Ringing details; used for importing these Capture Type records into IPMR Subsequent encounter of bird; which has been made by someone other than the original ringer. Used for importing these Capture Type records into IPMR66Place code (PLACE)Character max 6. Place code (up to 6 alphanumeric characters in uppercase plus _-/ and space); (B-RING only supports 3 characters)67Subsite (SITE)Character max 6. Subsite code (up to 6 alphanumeric characters in uppercase plus _-/ and space)68Processors Initials (INIT)Character max 3. Processors initials (uppercase)69Date Accuracy (DTEACC)Character max 4. Either a positive integer from 1 through 9999 indicating a range in days either side of the date in field 15 OR one code from the following list. The record type must be one of those listed for each code.I L R UDate of ring issue NEP123456 Long dead X9 Date of report RC123456AS8X9 Unknown date NEPRC123456AX9S8O70Finding Circumstance (CIRCUMSTANCE)Numeric = 2. Not loaded into ORACLE from submission files. One code from Euring list of finding circumstance codes. When a submission file is created only the finding circumstance codes relating to field sightings and controls are included and imported into ORACLE (see Submission Finding Circumstance Code field 141): 71Own data (OWN)Character max 10. Users own data (up to 10 characters); enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks.72Own data 2 (OWN2)Character max 20. Users own data (up to 20 characters); enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks.73Userc1Character max 1. User field (up to 1 character); enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks.74Userc2Character max 2. User field (up to 2 characters); enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks.75Userc3Character max 4. User field (up to 4 characters); enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks.76Userc4Character max 8. User field (up to 8 characters); enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks.77Userc5Character max 10. User field (up to 10 characters); enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks.78Userv1Character max 255. User field (Variable length, up to 255 characters); enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks.79Userv2Character max 255. User field (Variable length, up to 255 characters); enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks.80Userv3Character max 255. User field (Variable length, up to 255 characters); enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks.81Userv4Character max 255. User field (Variable length, up to 255 characters); enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks. 82Userv5Character max 255. User field (Variable length, up to 255 characters); enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks. 83Left leg below tarsus colour mark (LB)Character max 12 enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks. Colour-mark (ring or flag) codes for left leg below tarsus. See Appendix H for field content. Leg flags are unconventional marks and require special permission for use.84Right leg below tarsus colour mark (RB)Character max 12, enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks. Colour-mark (ring or flag) codes for right leg below tarsus. See Appendix H for field content. Leg flags are unconventional marks and require special permission for use.85Left leg above tarsus colour mark (LA)Character max 12, enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks. Colour-mark (ring or flag) codes for left leg above tarsus. See Appendix H for field content. Leg flags are unconventional marks and require special permission for use.86Right leg above tarsus colour mark (RA)Character max 12, enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks. Colour-mark (ring or flag) codes for right leg above tarsus. See Appendix H for field content. Leg flags are unconventional marks and require special permission for use.87Neck collar colour mark (NC)Character max 12, enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks. Colour-mark codes for neck collar. See Appendix H for field content. Neck Collars are unconventional marks and require special permission for use.88Left wing colour mark (LW)Character max 12, enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks. Colour-mark codes for left wing. See Appendix H for field content. Wing tags are unconventional marks and require special permission for use.89Right wing colour mark (RW)Character max 12, enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks. Colour-mark codes for right wing. See Appendix H for field content. Wing tags are unconventional marks and require special permission for use.90Nasal colour mark (NA)Character max 12, enclosed in, and not containing, double quotation marks. Not in use currently reserved for future. Colour-mark codes for nasal tag or saddle. See Appendix H for field content. Nasal tags and saddles are unconventional marks and require special permission for use.91Sample (SAMPLE$)Character = 1 Used to indicate the sample of birds processed. E R A J C OEverything Random sample Adults only Juveniles only ReCaptures only (controls and retraps), Other non-random sample92Time of nearest high tide (HTTIME%)Numeric max 4. Time of the nearest high tide being the nearest one within six hours of the current time (catch). 24-hour clock, hours and minutes, eg2026. 93Fat score method (FATMTD$)Character = 1. Code to indicate method used for FAT SCORE (Field 58)BBiometrics Working GroupEESFRequired if a Fat Score is given at field 58.94Finder (FINDER$)Character max 100, enclosed in (and not including) double quote marks. Finders name, address and postcode if not same as submitting ringer. Commas to be used to delimit lines in the name, address and postcode with a maximum of 30 characters between commas. Between three and seven commas to be present ie between four and eight lines in a name/address/postcode. No spaces after commas. Only normal display characters. Must not be more than 100 characters in length. Only to be used for Record types X, 9, O, S, 8, A, P95IPMR Observation Bird Identifier (OBSERVATIONBIRDID)Character max 18. A unique code for the submitting permit number identifying the individual bird. Up to 18 Characters in length composed of Character, numeric or the forward slash (/) character.Only to be used for CAPTURETYPE O and F. It will be used on an F record when providing first ringing details of a submitted Observation. Stored on BTO ORACLE database as separate field to ORACLE Bird Identifier.96Project Code 1 (PROJECTTYPE)Character max 3. A code to identify the BTO/Euring project of which this capture forms part. The value must be one of those in the list of valid project codes listed below together with the species codes valid for the project:SRPSwallow Roost ProjectSWALL97Project Registration 1 (PROJECTREGISTRATION)Numeric max 8. A registration number or code unique to the ringer or group for the project identified in the Project Code 1 field (96). The format of the registration number or code are given in the example below (where 9 is a mandatory numeric; 0 is optional numeric:eg 0009 Note: if it is max 8, why 4 digits here??98Project Code 2 (PROJECTTYPE)Character max 3. A code to identify the BTO/Euring project of which this capture forms part. The value must be one of those in the list of valid project codes listed under Project Code 1 field 96.99Project Registration 2 (PROJECTREGISTRATION)Numeric max 8. A registration number or code unique to the ringer or group for the project identified in the Project Code 1 field (96). The valid formats for this field are given under Project Registration field 97.100Project Code 3 (PROJECTTYPE)Character max 3. A code to identify the BTO/Euring project of which this capture forms part. The value must be one of those in the list of valid project codes listed under Project Code 1 field 96.101Project Registration 3 (PROJECTREGISTRATION)Numeric max 8. A registration number or code unique to the ringer or group for the project identified in the Project Code 1 field (96). The valid formats for this field are given under Project Registration field 97.102Body moult code (BODYMOULT)Numeric = 1. A code to record the degree of body moult present in a bird. Single code from following list:0 1 2No body feathers growing. A few body feathers growing: up to about 20 growing feathers. Many body feathers growing (more than about 20). This includes feathers growing due to the completion of the juvenile plumage in birds just after fledging.103Tail Fork length (TAILFORK)Numeric(real)max 4. The distance between the tip of the shortest innermost and the longest outermost tail-feather to 0.5 mm. (up to 2 digits in length, plus, if appropriate, decimal point and fraction digit). Decimal point and fraction digit are optional and if missing does not imply reduced accuracy. A zero (0) need not be present before the decimal point if the figure is less than 10 mm. A hyphen (-) charatcer may be present immediately preceding the left most number to indicate a negative tail fork (i.e rounded tail shape).104Extractor Initials (EXTRACTINIT)Character max 3. Extractors initials in uppercase.105Ringer Initials (RINGINIT)Character max 3. Ringers's initials in uppercase.106Checker Initials (CHECKINIT)Character max 3. Checker's initials in uppercase.107Nest Recorder Observer Code (NRNO)Character min 2 max 4. Codes must be 2, 3 or 4 digits long, can be any alphabetic or numeric character or the / or & characters.108Nest Record number (NRCNO)Numeric max 6. Nest record number, optionally with leading zeroes.109Euring Species CodeNumeric max 5. Not loaded into ORACLE from submission files. Euring Species Code from list in Species table of IPMR. Not used by BTO.110Sibley-Monroe Species Code Numeric max 6. Not loaded into ORACLE from submission files. Sibley-Monroe Species Code. Not used by BTO.111CES subsite type Character = 1. Code to identify status of subsite for CES use.S A XStandard net Additional net Excluded net112Secondaries moult scores (SSMLT)Character max 40. Between nine and forty moult scores for individual secondary and tertial feathers, in sequence from the middle of wing inwards, towards body: 0 (zero, not letter O) for old to 5 (not letter N) for full grown new, V for very old, for each feather. Use code U for feathers where unknown if old or new.113Tail Moult scores (TAILMLT)Character max 20. Between five and twenty moult scores for individual tail feathers, in sequence from the centre of tail outwards: 0 (zero, not letter O) for old to 5 (not letter N) for full grown new, V for very old, for each feather. Use code U for feathers where unknown if old or new.114Primary covert moult scores (PCMLT)Character max 20. Between ten and twenty moult scores for individual primary covert feathers, in sequence from the middle of wing outwards, away from body: 0 (zero, not letter O) for old to 5 (not letter N) for full grown new, V for very old, for each feather. Use code U for feathers where unknown if old or new. Final value can be X for outer diminutive feather.115Greater covert moult scores (GCMLT)Character max 40. Between nine and forty moult scores for individual greater covert feathers, in sequence from the middle of wing inwards, towards body: 0 (zero, not letter O) for old to 5 (not letter N) for full grown new, V for very old, for each feather. Use code U for feathers where unknown if old or new. 116Carpal covert moult scores (CCMLT)Character = 1. Moult score for carpal covert feather: 0 (zero, not letter O) for old to 5 (not letter N) for full grown new, V for very old, for feather. Use code U for feathers where unknown if old or new.117Alula moult scores (ALULAMLT)Character = 3. Three alphanumeric moult scores for individual alula feathers, in sequence from the inner wing outwards, away from body: 0 (zero, not letter O) for old to 5 (not letter N) for full grown new, V for very old, for each feather. Use code U for feathers where unknown if old or new.118Left wing primary moult scores (LPPMLT)Character= 20 As 44 for left wing.119Left wing Secondaries moult scores (LSSMLT)Character = 40 As 112 for left wing.120LeftTail Moult scores (LTAILMLT)Character = 20 As 113 for left tail.121Left wing Primary covert moult scores (LPCMLT)Character = 20 As 114 for left wing.122Left wing Greater covert moult scores (LGCMLT)Character = 40 As 115 for left wing.123Left wing Carpal covert moult score (LCCMLT)Character = 1 As 116 for left wing.124Left wing Alula moult scores (LALULAMLT)Character = 3 As 117 for left wing.125Lesser & Medium covert moult (LMCMLT)Character= 1. Code for representative state of lesser and median wing coverts (both wings).0 2 3 4 5 UAll old Beginning Middle Ending All new Uncertain126Underwing covert moult (UWCMLT)Character = 1. Code for representative state of under-wing coverts (both wings).0 2 3 4 5 UAll old Beginning Middle Ending All new Uncertain127Head moult (HEADMLT)Character = 1. Code for representative state of head moult.0 2 3 4 5 UAll old Beginning Middle Ending All new Uncertain128Upperparts moult (UPPMLT)Character = 1. Code for representative state of upperpart moult.0 2 3 4 5 UAll old Beginning Middle Ending All new Uncertain129Underparts moult (UNPMLT)Character = 1. Code for representative state of underpart moult.0 2 3 4 5 UAll old Beginning Middle Ending All new Uncertain130BTO Record Identifier (RECORD_ID)Character max32. Not populated for submission files to BTO. This field is set in the BTO ORACLE Database and will not be changed even if a correction is made to the record. It is present in the Electronic Recovery History (ERH) downloads, which are imported back into IPMR from the BTO ORACLE Database.131Edit_Flag (EDIT_FLAG)Numeric = 1. Not populated for submission files to BTO. This field is set to zero in the BTO ORACLE Database when a new record is added. If a correction is made to a record then this value will be incremented by one for each change. The value is used during import back into IPMR to decide whether the record is new, needs to overwrite an existing record or should just be skipped.132Moved by (MOV)Character = 2. Not populated for submission files to BTO. One code from the following list: WA Moved by water MI Moved intentionally by man UI Moved unintentionally by man MO Moved by other agency -- Not moved or not recorded Only valid for Record Types A, X and 9.133Finding Circumstances Presumed (FCP)Character = 1. Not populated for submission files to BTO. One code from the following list: P presumed Null Only valid for Record Types A, X and 9.134BTO Extra Text (BTOEXTRATEXT)Character max 80, enclosed in but not containing double quotation marks. Not populated for submission files to BTO. Text describing additional ringing or finding information entered by BTO staff (normally during recovery processing). Valid for all record types. For ERH finding information is generated by concatenating FXT1 and FXT2 (each max 40 characters) with a space to separate each field of text. For ringing information it uses RXT (max 40 characters).135Ring Number Verified (RNV)Character = 1. Not populated for submission files to BTO. Single code V added by BTO during processing of record types X & 9 only, where the ring number has been sent in and verified.136Identification Verified (IDV)Character = 3 Not populated for submission files to BTO. One code from following list added by BTO during recovery processing to indicate whether the finder verified identification of the species or not: SPV - Species Verified GPV - Group Verified (e.g finder says bird was a Raptor or Gull) SSV - Subspecies Verified SPX - Species changed (e.g ringing in mixed Gull colony, where bird is subsequently recovered as for example a Herring Gull rather than L B B Gull) SSX - Subspecies changed GPX - Group changed. --- - Unknown137BTO Finder (BTOFINDER)Character = 100 Not populated for submission files to BTO. Populated during ERH download to provide details of the finder. If a ringer then format is: Name (permit), Email Address e.g Bridget Griffin (4711),  HYPERLINK "mailto:bridget.griffin@bto.org" bridget.griffin@bto.org If a MOP finder then the name and address (if recorded) separated by commas is sent back (Intermediate ringers do not receive the address).138Reporter (REPORTER)Character = 45 Not populated for submission files to BTO. This name is added by BTO during recovery processing if the bird has been reported by a MOP or another ringer via the ringer submitting the report.139Submission Flag (SUBM)Character = 3 Populated as part of IPMR data submission process, one code from following list: NOT i.e not yet submitted (so the first submission of this record to BTO). RES - used if data is being resubmitted to BTO. YYN - Where YY is the two digit year code (eg 05 for 2005) and N is the file sequence number (eg 1 for first file for that year). This flag will come in where a submission file has had to be re-created.140Captures Key (CAPTURESKEY)Numeric =7 This is the unique reference within an IPMR database to a bird capture. The key starts at 1 and is added sequentially. This field will be picked up by ORACLE during data loading and along with the submission flag field (139), will assist with identifying if a correction is being submitted by the ringer.141Submission Finding Circumstance Code (CIRCUMSTANCE)Character = 2 Loaded into ORACLE from submission files created from 3.40 Spec or later, only for following Trusted finding circumstances: 20 Intentionally Taken 27 At Nest Box/Artificial Site 28 Metal Ring Read in Field 29 Colour Mark Record 81 Identified from Leg Ring(s) 82 Identified from Neck Ring(s) 83 Identified from Wingtags 84 Identified with Radio Tracking 85 Identified with Satellite Tracking 86 Identified from Transponder Record Types R,1,2,3,C,4,5,6 Circumstance Codes 20 or 27 Record Types O,S,8 Circumstance Codes 28,29,81,82,83,84,85 or 86 Otherwise the correct Circumstance code is entered by BTO based on the text in Submission Extra Text field (63). APPENDIX B-1 *****Not yet updated for 3.40***** Example ringing data records Newly-ringed adult passerine N,579,GBT,9F7838,WREN.,5,M,,,,,C,,,22041999,1100,B3,G7,SWG,,GBLO,TQ1968,,,,,,,,,,,,1,11.0,22041999,1100,MW,48,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Newly-ringed pullus passerine N,579,GBT,RH35035,BLABI,1,,4,4,,,,,,18041999,0700,B3,G7,SWG,,GBLO,TQ1968,,,,,,,,,,,,0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Pullus passerine not successfully fledged (found in nest on 18 June 1994) P,3079,GBT,VB92428,GRETI,1,,7,7,,,,,,18061999,,F3,E1,,Filton, Bristol,GBAV,ST6177,1,,,,,,,,,,,0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Nest predated,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Retrapped adult non-passerine R,579,GBT,SB29214,KINGF,4,F,,,,,,,,27031999,1000,B3,G7,SWG,,GBLO,TQ1968,,,,,,,,,8,,,1,39.1,27031999,1000,MW,79,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,M,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Newly-ringed adult wader N,3079,GBT,NV68635,RINPL,4,,,,,,,R,,15092000,0850,H3,C9,SBE,,GBAV,ST5384,,,,,,,,,,,,2,74,15092000,1000,SGD,133,,,O,,,,,,,41.4,,,,,,,,,,,C, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Controlled adult wader C,3079,NOS,8385910,DUNLI,4,,,,,,,R,,15092000,0850,H3,C9,SBE,,GBAV,ST5384,,,,,,,,,8,,,2,59,15092000,1130,SGD,119,,,O,,,,,,,56.3,,,,,,,5,,,,C,,2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Newly-ringed adult wader (ring above tarsus) N,3079,GBT,SX28501,TURNS,3,,,,,A,,R,,15092000,0850,H3,C9,SBE,,GBAV,ST5384,,,,,,,,,,,,0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,C,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Ring destroyed N,579,GBT,9F7833,*DEST,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Newly-ringed swallow part of Swallow Roost Project N,3079,GBT,KK33403,SWALL,4,M,,,,,,,,15082002,2050,C7,G3,SBE,,GBAV,ST5384,,,,,,,,,,,,3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,SRP,345,,,,,0,69 APPENDIX B-2 *****Not yet updated for 3.40***** Example ringing data file *IPMR,I,03/05/2002 19:43,2.02q,3.30,1.4.10 *joe@ringinghaven.co.uk N,7777,GBT,P320451,ROBIN,4,,,,,,,A,M,03082001,0000,F3,G7,BML,,GBLR,NS9877,0,,,,,,,,,,,2,14.9,03122001,0600,MGC,66,,14.9,M,28,5555431000,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,BML,,MGC,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, N,7777,GBT,P320452,BLUTI,4,,,,,,,A,,03082001,0000,F3,G7,BML,,GBLR,NS9877,0,,,,,,,,,,,0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,BML,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, N,7777,GBT,P320453,COATI,4,,,,,,,A,,03082001,0000,F3,G7,BML,,GBLR,NS9877,0,,,,,,,,,,,2,10.1,03082001,0000,MGC,58,,10.1,N,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,BML,,MGC,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, N,7777,GBT,2345601,STOPE,6,,,,,,,T,,03072001,0000,F3,G7,BML,,GBLR,NS9877,0,,,,,,,,,,,2,25.1,03072001,0000,MGC,124,,25.1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,00,,M,,,,,,BML,,MGC,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,E,,E,,,,,,,,,, N,7777,GBT,2345602,STOPE,6,,,,,,,T,,03072001,0000,F3,G7,BML,,GBLR,NS9877,0,,,,,,,,,,,2,23,03072001,0000,MGC,118,,23,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,M,,,,,,BML,,MGC,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, N,7777,GBT,2J3401,WILWA,4,,,,,,,T,,03042001,0000,F3,G7,BML,,GBLR,NS9877,0,,,,,,,,,,,2,11.1,03042001,0000,MGC,65,,11.1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,BML,,MGC,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, N,7777,GBT,GH23101,MALLA,4,M,,,,,E,,,03122001,0000,H1,,,"TYNEMOUTH",GBTY,NZ3769,1,,,,,,,,,,,3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7,,10,,,,,,,,TYN,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,E,,,,,,,,,, 7 B030 APPENDIX C EUROPEAN RINGING SCHEMES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER Country Scheme (+ = scheme believed to be extinct) Code Albania Tirana ABT Belarus Minsk BYM Belgium Bruxelles BLB Bulgaria Sofia BGS Channel Islands Jersey CIJ Croatia (Hrvatska) Zagreb (Ornit.Inst) HRZ (Formerly YUZ) Czech Republic Praha CZP (Formerly CSP) Cyprus Nicosia CYC Cyprus, North Kuskor CYK Denmark Copenhagen DKC Kalo DKK Viborg Skovgaard DKV Estonia Matsalu ETM (Formerly SUE) Finland Helsinki Museum SFH France Paris FRP Strasbourg FRS Germany Wilhelmshaven (Helgoland) DEW (Formerly DFH) Hiddensee DEH (Formerly DDH) Radolfzell DER (Formerly DFR) Greece Athens GRA Hungary Budapest Orn. & Mad. HGB Iceland Reykjavik ISR Italy Bologna Ozzano (BO) IAB Latvia Riga LVR (Formerly SUR) Lithuania Kaunas (Zool. Mus.) LIK (Formerly SUK) Macedonia Skopje MKS Malta Valletta MLV Netherlands Arnhem NLA Norway Stavanger NOS + Oslo Museum NOO + As NOA Poland Gdansk/Varsovia PLG Portugal Lisboa POL + Porto POP Romania Bucharest ROB Russian Federation Moskwa RUM (Formerly SUM) Slovakia Bratislava SKB (Formerly CSP) Slovenia Ljubljana SLL (Formerly YUL) Spain Madrid (SEO) ESM San Sebastian ESA + Seville (Biol. Donana) ESE Madrid (Icona) ESI Sweden Stockholm Museum SVS Switzerland Sempach HES UK & Ireland London (Brit. Museum/Thetford) GBT Ukraine Kiev UKK Yugoslavia Beograd YUB NON-EUROPEAN SCHEMES Angola Luanda ALL Australia Canberra AAC Brazil Brasilia BAB Canada Washington NAW China Bejing CPB Egypt Cairo EGC Ghana Legon GHL Hong Kong Hong Kong CGH + India Bombay INB Iraq Bagdad Univ. IQB Iran Teheran IPT Israel Tel-Aviv Univ. ILT Japan Yamashina Inst. O.Z. JHY Jordan Jordanie JO. Kazakstan Almaty KZA Kenya Nairobi GPN Malaysia Kuala Lumpur FVK New Zealand Wellington AJW Nigeria Jos NVJ + Pakistan Lahore PNL + Philippines OE + USA Washington NAW Saudi Arabia Rhyiad ARR South Africa Pretoria/Cape Town FPP South Korea Korea TXS Taiwan Taipei CXT Tunisia Tunis TOT + Turkey Ankara University TUA Zambia Zambia ZMZ + Zaire Congo ZIC + APPENDIX D SPECIES CODES EURING CODECODESPECIESEURING CODECODESPECIES617ALETEAleutian Tern1148BLEWHBlack-eared Wheatear425ALLGAAllen's Gallinule1881BLHBUBlack-headed Bunting1094ALPACAlpine Accentor582BLHGUBlack-headed Gull798ALPSWAlpine Swift1307BONWAWestern Bonellis Warbler96AMEBIAmerican Bittern1256BOOWABooted Warbler430AMECOAmerican Coot1638BRAMBBrambling4841AMGPLAmerican Golden Plover168BREGOBrent Goose305AMEKEAmerican Kestrel622BRITEBridled Tern1014/4AMEPIAmerican Pipit514BRBSABroad-billed Sandpiper426AMPGAAmerican Purple Gallinule1069BROTHBrown Thrasher1755AMEREAmerican Redstart635BRUGUBrunnich's Guillemot1203AMEROAmerican Robin516BUBSABuff-breasted Sandpiper180AMEWIAmerican Wigeon216BUFFLBufflehead1242AQUWAAquatic Warbler1710BULLFBullfinch1664ARCREArctic Redpoll34BULPEBulwer's Petrel567ARCSKArctic Skua287BUZZABuzzard616ARCTEArctic Tern961CALLACalandra Lark1295ARCWAArctic Warbler166CANGOGreater Canada Goose456AVOCEAvocet1749CAMWACape May Warbler183BAITEBaikal Teal335CAPERCapercaillie411BAICRBaillon's Crake29CAPPECapped Petrel506BAISABaird's Sandpiper1567/1CARCRCarrion Crow244BALEABald Eagle480CASPLCaspian Plover534BATGOBar-tailed Godwit606CASTECaspian Tern735BAROWBarn Owl111CATEGCattle Egret167BARGOBarnacle Goose1220CETWACetti's Warbler1273BARWABarred Warbler1636CHAFFChaffinch0217 +BRWGOBarrow's Goldeneye1875CHEBUChestnut Bunting157BEAGOBean Goose13110CHIFFChiffchaff1364BEATIBearded Tit790CHISWChimney Swift840BEEEABee-eater1559CHOUGChough834BELKIBelted Kingfisher1858CIRBUCirl Bunting153BEWSWBewick's Swan1644CITFICitril Finch11782BICTHBicknell's Thrush1018CITWACitrine Wagtail962BIMLABimaculated Lark998CLISWCliff Swallow95BITTEBittern1461COATICoal Tit187BLADUBlack Duck684COLDOCollared Dove332BLAGRBlack Grouse1348COLFLCollared Flycatcher638BLAGUBlack Guillemot465COLPRCollared Pratincole238BLAKIBlack Kite590COMGUCommon Gull1121BLAREBlack Redstart786COMNICommon Nighthawk131BLASTBlack Stork16633COMRECommon Redpoll213/2BLASCBlack Scoter556COMSACommon Sandpiper627BLATEBlack Tern213COMSCCommon Scoter1158BLAWHBlack Wheatear615COMTECommon Tern1720BAWWABlack-and-white Warbler1762COMYECommon Yellowthroat727BLBCUBlack-billed Cuckoo429COOT.Coot14BLBALBlack-browed Albatross72CORMOCormorant1882CORBUCorn Bunting1520GRGSHGreat Grey Shrike421CORNCCorncrake4GRNDIGreat Northern Diver36CORSHCory's Shearwater1253GRRWAGreat Reed Warbler433CRANECrane0040 +GRTSHGreat Shearwater464CRCCOCream-coloured Courser569GRESKGreat Skua972CRELACrested Lark520GRESNGreat Snipe1454CRETICrested Tit716GRSCUGreat Spotted Cuckoo1868CREBUCretzschmar's Bunting876GRSWOGreat Spotted Woodpecker1666CROSSCommon Crossbill1464GRETIGreat Tit1667SCOCRScottish Crossbill121GRWEGGreat White Egret1567CROW.Carrion/Hooded Crow (unspecified)147GREFLGreater Flamingo724CUCKOCuckoo479GRSPLGreater Sand Plover541CURLECurlew550GREYEGreater Yellowlegs509CURSACurlew Sandpiper161GREGOGreylag Goose1149DESWHDesert Wheatear251GRIVUGriffon Vulture1050DIPPEDipper184/2GRWTEGreen Winged Teal482DOTTEDotterel634GUILLGuillemot512DUNLIDunlin605GUBTEGull-billed Tern1084DUNNODunnock318GYRFAGyrfalcon1303DUSWADusky Warbler211HARDUHarlequin Duck1196DUSTHDusky/Naumann's Thrush1717HAWFIHawfinch744EAGOWEagle Owl750HAWOWHawk Owl1307/2EABWAEastern Bonelli's Warbler261HENHAHen Harrier170EGYGOEgyptian Goose1176HERTHHermit Thrush781EGYNIEgyptian Nightjar592HERGUHerring Gull247EGYVUEgyptian Vulture310HOBBYHobby206EIDEREider231HONBUHoney Buzzard311ELEFAEleonora's Falcon219HOOMEHooded Merganser537ESKCUEskimo Curlew1567/3HOOCRHooded Crow?EURTEEurasian Teal1771HOOWAHooded Warbler1718EVEGREvening Grosbeak846HOOPOHoopoe1195EYBTHEye-browed Thrush444HOUBUHoubara Bustard1226FATWAFan-tailed Warbler1001HOUMAHouse Martin202FERDUFerruginous Duck1591HOUSPHouse Sparrow1198FIELDFieldfare533HUDGOHudsonian Godwit1315FIRECFirecrest1300/2HULWAHulmes Leaf Warbler618FORTEForster's Tern1311/5IBECHIberian Chiffchaff1834FOXSPFox Sparrow598ICEGUIceland Gull577FRAGUFranklin's Gull1259ICTWAIcterine Warbler22FULMAFulmar1892INDBUIndigo Bunting182GADWAGadwall1567/4INTCRCarrion/HoodedCrow (intermediate)71GANNEGannet1514ISASHIsabelline Shrike1276GARWAGarden Warbler1144ISAWHIsabelline Wheatear191GARGAGarganey604IVOGUIvory Gull599GLAGUGlaucous Gull518JACSNJack Snipe136GLOIBGlossy Ibis1560JACKDJackdaw1314GOLDCGoldcrest1539JAY.Jay296GOLEAGolden Eagle477KENPLKentish Plover1508GOLORGolden Oriole304KESTRKestrel396GOLPHGolden Pheasant474KILLDKilldeer485GOLPLGolden Plover207KINEIKing Eider218GOLDEGoldeneye831KINGFKingfisher573GBHGUGreat Black-headed Gull602KITTIKittiwake1178GRATHGray-cheeked Thrush496KNOT.Knot446GREBUGreat Bustard1260MELWAMelodious Warbler9GRCGRGreat Crested Grebe1557NUTCRNutcracker397LAAPHLady Amherst's Pheasant1479NUTHANuthatch1235LANWALanceolated Warbler1255OLIWAEastern Olivaceous Warbler1847LAPBULapland Bunting1008OLBPIOlive-backed Pipit493LAPWILapwing1272ORPWAOrphean Warbler1824LARSPLark Sparrow1866ORTBUOrtolan Bunting576LAUGULaughing Gull301OSPREOsprey55LEAPELeach's Petrel1756OVENBOvenbird504LEASALeast Sandpiper450OYSTEOystercatcher591LBBGULesser Black-backed Gull4842PAGPLPacific Golden Plover1664LECGOLesser Canada Goose797PACSWPacific Swift609LECTELesser Crested Tern1247PADWAPaddyfield Warbler1519LEGSHLesser Grey Shrike1895PAIBUPainted Bunting303LESKELesser Kestrel1233PAGWAPallas's Grasshopper Warbler970LSTLALesser Short-toed Lark1878PARBUPallas's Reed Bunting887LESWOLesser Spotted Woodpecker663PALSAPallass Sandgrouse160LWFGOLesser White-fronted Goose1298PALWAPallass Warbler1274LESWHLesser Whitethroat262PALHAPallid Harrier1663/4LESRELesser Redpoll796PALSWPallid Swift551LESYELesser Yellowlegs1752 +PLMWAPalm Warbler1660LINNELinnet1668PARCRParrot Crossbill647LITAULittle Auk1856PINBUPine Bunting98LITBILittle Bittern1699PINGRPine Grosbeak1874LITBULittle Bunting158PIFGOPink-footed Goose119LITEGLittle Egret189PINTAPintail7LITGRLittle Grebe198POCHAPochard578LITGULittle Gull566POMSKPomarine Skua757LITOWLittle Owl330PTARMPtarmigan469LIRPLLittle Ringed Plover654PUFFIPuffin48LITSHLittle Shearwater124PURHEPurple Heron501LITSTLittle Stint510PURSAPurple Sandpiper800LITSWLittle Swift370QUAILQuail624LITTELittle Tern1301RADWARadde's Warbler536LITWHLittle Whimbrel1572RAVENRaven527LOBDOLong-billed Dowitcher636RAZORRazorbill767LOEOWLong-eared Owl329REDGRRed/Willow Grouse212LOTDULong-tailed Duck239REDKIRed Kite568LOTSKLong-tailed Skua1515REBSHRed-backed Shrike1437LOTTILong-tailed Tit1343REBFLRed-breasted Flycatcher503LOTSTLong-toed Stint169REBGORed-breasted Goose58MADPEMadeiran Petrel221REBMERed-breasted Merganser93MAGFRMagnificent Frigatebird196RECPORed-crested Pochard1750MAGWAMagnolia Warbler1663REDPORedpoll spp1549MAGPIMagpie1633REEVIRed-eyed Vireo186MALLAMallard1113REFBLRed-flanked Bluetail178MANDAMandarin307REFFARed-footed Falcon46MANSHManx Shearwater1880REHBURed-headed Bunting1261 +MAMWAMarmora's Warbler358RELPARed-legged Partridge260MARHAMarsh Harrier10RENGRRed-necked Grebe547MARSAMarsh Sandpiper779RENNIRed-necked Nightjar1440MARTIMarsh Tit564RENPHRed-necked Phalarope1250MARWAMarsh Warbler526SHBDOShort-billed Dowitcher1011MEAPIMeadow Pipit768SHEOWShort-eared Owl575MEDGUMediterranean Gull968SHTLAShort-toed Lark995RERSWRed-rumped Swallow1487SHTTRShort-toed Treecreeper2RETDIRed-throated Diver194SHOVEShoveler1012RETPIRed-throated Pipit1105SIBRUSiberian Rubythroat16630REDPORedpoll1171SIBTHSiberian Thrush546REDSHRedshank1654SISKISiskin1122REDSTRedstart976SKYLASkylark1201REDWIRedwing11SLAGRSlavonian Grebe1877REEBUReed Bunting0585+SLEGUSlender-billed Gull1251REEWAReed Warbler220SMEWSmew1002RICPIRichards Pipit519SNIPESnipe1186RINOURing Ouzel1850SNOBUSnow Bunting589RIBGURing-billed Gull1611SNOFISnow Finch200RINDURing-necked Duck163SNOGOSnow Goose712RINPARing-necked Parakeet749SNOOWSnowy Owl470RINPLRinged Plover491SOCPLSociable Plover1237RIVWARiver Warbler26SOPPESoft-plumaged Petrel1099ROBINRobin552SOLSASolitary Sandpiper1860ROCBURock Bunting1835SONSPSong Sparrow665ROCDORock Dove1200SONTHSong Thrush1014ROCPIRock Pipit43SOOSHSooty Shearwater1604ROCSPRock Sparrow623SOOTESooty Tern1162ROCTHRock Thrush409SORA.Sora841ROLLERoller1520/3SOGSHSouthern Grey Shrike1563ROOK.Rook1592SPASPSpanish Sparrow1887ROBGRRose-breasted Grosbeak269SPARRSparrowhawk1584ROCSTRose-coloured Starling1264SPEWASpectacled Warbler614ROSTERoseate Tern144SPOONSpoonbill601ROSGURoss's Gull408SPOCRSpotted Crake290ROLBURough-legged Buzzard293SPOEASpotted Eagle607ROYTERoyal Tern1335SPOFLSpotted Flycatcher225RUDDURuddy Duck545SPORESpotted Redshank171RUDSHRuddy Shelduck557SPOSASpotted Sandpiper517RUFFRuff108SQUHESquacco Heron1095RUBRORufous Bush Robin1582STARLStarling689RUTDORufous Turtle Dove209STEEISteller's Eider1798RUSTORufous-sided Towhee515STISAStilt Sandpiper1269RUPWARuppell's Warbler668STODOStock Dove1873RUSBURustic Bunting459STOCUStone-curlew579SABGUSabine's Gull1139 +STOCHStonechat316SAKERSaker52STOPEStorm Petrel981SANMASand Martin1265SUBWASubalpine Warbler497SANDESanderling1786SUMTASummer Tanager436SANCRSandhill Crane214SURSCSurf Scoter611SANTESandwich Tern992SWALLSwallow1267SARWASardinian Warbler1177SWATHSwainson's Thrush1826SAVSPSavannah Sparrow795SWIFTSwift498SEMSASemipalmated Sandpiper1256/2SYKWASyke's Warbler1640SERINSerin1343/2TAIFLTaiga Flycatcher80SHAG.Shag761TAWOWTawny Owl508SHTSASharp-tailed Sandpiper1005TAWPITawny Pipit173SHELDShelduck184TEAL.Teal (unspecified)978SHOLAShore Lark502TEMSTTemminck's Stint770TENOWTengmalms Owl159WHFGOWhite-fronted Goose1724TENWATennessee Warbler505WHRSAWhite-rumped Sandpiper555TERSATerek Sandpiper243WHTEAWhite-tailed Eagle1254THBWAThick-billed Warbler492WHTPLWhite-tailed Plover1103THRNIThrush Nightingale1117WHTROWhite-throated Robin1009TREPITree Pipit1840WHTSPWhite-throated Sparrow1598TREESPTree Sparrow628WWBTEWhite-winged Black Tern1486TREECTreecreeper965WHWLAWhite-winged Lark1676TRUFITrumpeter Finch215/2WHWSCWhite-winged Scoter203TUFDUTufted Duck1275WHITEWhitethroat561TURNSTurnstone154WHOSWWhooper Swan687TURDOTurtle Dove179WIGEOWigeon1662TWITETwite1442WILTIWillow Tit1665TWBCRTwo-barred Crossbill1312WILWAWillow Warbler544UPLSAUpland Sandpiper50WILPEWilson's Petrel1179VEERYVeery563WILPHWilson's Phalarope215VELSCVelvet Scoter177WOODUWood Duck1482WALLCWallcreeper554WOOSAWood Sandpiper10141WATPIWater Pipit1308WOOWAWood Warbler407WATRAWater Rail1523WOOSHWoodchat Shrike1048WAXWIWaxwing529WOODCWoodcock1255/2WEOWAWestern Olivaceous Warbler974WOODLWoodlark499WESSAWestern Sandpiper670WOODPWoodpigeon1146WHEATWheatear1066WREN.Wren538WHIMBWhimbrel848WRYNEWryneck1137WHINCWhinchat1017YELWAYellow Wagtail0626+WHKTEWhiskered Tern1733 +YLWWAYellow Warbler88WHIPEWhite Pelican872YEBSAYellow-bellied Sapsucker134WHISTWhite Stork728YEBCUYellow-billed Cuckoo1170WHITHWhite's Thrush1876 +YBSBUYellow-breasted Bunting5WHBDIWhite-billed Diver1871YEBBUYellow-browed Bunting1157+WHCBLWhite-crowned Black Wheatear1300YEBWAYellow-browed Warbler1839WHCSPWhite-crowned Sparrow5926YELGUYellow-legged Gull51WHFPEWhite-faced Petrel1751YERWAYellow-rumped Warbler1857 +YELHAYellowhammer *DESTRING DESTROYED*LOSTRING LOST*MISSRING MISSING*UNKNRINGING DATA LOST****1 Rarity code unknown (comment must be added in extra text)HYBRIHybrid species NB + indicates code derived in non-standard manner Appendix E HABITAT CODES A WOODLAND (more than 5m tall)D5BrecklandD6Drained bogA1BroadleavedA2ConiferousE FARMLANDA3Mixed broadleaved & coniferous (at least 10% of each)A4Broadleaved water-loggedE1Apparently improved grasslandA5Coniferous water-loggedE2Apparently unimproved grasslandA6Mixed broadleaved & coniferous water-loggedE3Mixed grass/tilled landE4Tilled landB SCRUBLAND (or very young woodland less than 5m tall)E5OrchardE6Other farmingB1Regenerating natural or semi-natural woodlandB2Downland (chalk)F HUMAN SITESB3Heath scrubB4Young coppiceF1UrbanB5New plantationF2SuburbanB6Clear-felled woodland, with or without new saplingsF3RuralB7OtherG WATER BODIES (freshwater)C SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND & MARSHG1Pond (less than 50m2)C1Chalk downlandG2Small water-body (50-450m2)C2Grass moor (unenclosed)G3Lake/unlined reservoirC3Grass moor mixed with heather (unenclosed)G4Lined reservoirC4MachairG5Gravel pit, sand pit, etc.C5Other dry grasslandG6Stream (less than 3m wide)C6Water-meadow/grazing marshG7River (more than 3m wide)C7Reed swampG8Ditch with water (less than 2m wide)C8Other open marshG9Small canal (2-5m wide)C9SaltmarshGA*Large canal (more than 5m wide)D HEATHLAND & BOGSH COASTALD1Dry heathH1Marine - open shoreD2Wet heathH2Marine shore - inlet/cove/lochD3Mixed wet/dry heathH3EstuarineD4BogH4Brackish lagoonH5Open seaI6Mine/spoil/slag heapI7CaveI INLAND ROCKJ MISCELLANEOUSI1CliffJ1OtherI2Scree/boulder slopeI3Limestone pavement*Note: code GA differs from theI4Other rock outcropNest Record Scheme code (G10) I5Quarryfor this habitat. See Ringers Manual pp 48-51 for further details. APPENDIX F EURING REGION (County) CODES *New codes added 2005 (see Table B for full list of new codes) TABLE A ENGLANDNew Code*SCOTLANDNew Code*AvonGBAVBorders RegionGBBRGBSBO BedfordshireGBBDGBBED Central RegionGBCRBerkshireGBBKDumfries & Galloway RegionGBDRGBDAG BuckinghamshireGBBCGBBUC Fair IsleGBFICambridgeGBCAGBCAM Fife RegionGBFRGBFIF CheshireGBCHGBCHE Grampian RegionGBGRClevelandGBCVGBRAC Highland RegionGBHRCornwallGBCOGBCOR Lothian RegionGBLR CumbriaGBCUGBCUM OrkneyGBORDerbyshireGBDBGBDES ShetlandGBSH DevonGBDVGBDEV GBDOR Strathclyde RegionGBSCDorsetGBDOGBDOR Tayside RegionGBTRDurhamGBDUGBDUR Western IslesGBWIEssexGBESGBESS ScotlandGBS-GloucestershireGBGLGBGLS Hampshire (excl. I.o.W.)GBHAGBHAM NORTHERN IRELANDHereford & WorcesterGBHFAntrimGBUNGBUAN HertfordshireGBHTGBHES GBGMA ArmaghGBURGBUAR HumbersideGBHU DownGBUDGBUDO Isle of ManGBIMGBIOMFermanaghGBUFGBUFE Isle of WightGBIWGBIOW LondonderryGBULGBULO KentGBKEGBKEN TyroneGBUTGBUTY LancashireGBLAGBLAN Leicestershire & RutlandGBLEEIRELincolnshireGBLIGBLIN CarlowERCWERCAR London (Greater)GBLOCavanERCVERCAV Manchester (Greater)GBMAGBGMA ClareERCLERCLA MerseysideGBMEGBMER CorkERCKERCOR NorfolkGBNKGBNOR DonegalERDOERDON North YorkshireGBNYGBNYO DublinERDUERDUB NorthamptonshireGBNHGBNOS GalwayERGAERGAL NorthumberlandGBNLGBNOL KerryERKEERKER NottinghamshireGBNTGBNTS KildareERKDERKIL OxfordshireGBOXGBOXF KilkennyERKKERKIK Salop/ShropshireGBSAGBSHR LeitrimERLMERLEI Scilly IslesGBSIGBIOS LeixERLXSomersetGBSOGBSOM LimerickERLKERLIM South YorkshireGBSYGBSYO LongfordERLGERLON StaffordshireGBSTGBSTA GBSUF LouthERLUERLOU SuffolkGBSKGBSUF MayoERMAERMAY SurreyGBSRGBSUR MeathERMEERMEA Sussex (West & East)GBSXMonaghanERMOERMON Tyne & WearGBTYGBTWE OffalyEROFEROFF WarwickshireGBWKGBWAW RoscommonERROERROS West MidlandsGBWMGBWMI SligoERSLERSLI West YorkshireGBWYGBWYO TipperaryERTPERTIP WiltshireGBWTGBWIL WaterfordERWAERWAT WestmeathERWMERWES WALESWexfordERWXERWEX AngleseyGBANGBIOA WicklowERWIERWIC ClwydGBCWDyfedGBDYGlamorgan (W., Mid- & S.)GBGMGBVOG GwentGBGTGwyneddGBGDGBGWY PowysGBPOGBPOW WalesGBW- TABLE B New five letter county codes 2005 COUNTY ENGLAND Bath and N. E. Somerset Bedfordshire Blackburn with Darwen Blackpool Bournemouth Bracknell Forest Brighton & Hove Bristol Buckinghamshire Cambridgeshire Cheshire Cornwall Cumbria Darlington Derby Derbyshire Devon Dorset Durham East Riding of Yorkshire East Sussex Essex Gloucestershire Greater London Greater Manchester Halton Hampshire Hartlepool Herefordshire Hertfordshire Isle of Man Isle of Wight Isles of Scilly Kent Kingston upon Hull Lancashire Leicester Leicestershire Lincolnshire Luton Medway Merseyside Middlesbrough Milton Keynes Norfolk North East Lincolnshire North Lincolnshire North Somerset North Yorkshire Northamptonshire Northumberland Nottingham Nottinghamshire Oxfordshire Peterborough Plymouth Poole Portsmouth Reading Redcar & Cleveland Rutland Shropshire Slough Somerset South Gloucestershire South Yorkshire Southampton Southend Staffordshire Stockton-on-Tees Stoke-on-Trent Suffolk Surrey Swindon Telford and Wrekin Thurrock Torbay Tyne and Wear Warrington Warwickshire West Berkshire West Midlands West Sussex West Yorkshire Wiltshire Windsor and Maidenhead Wokingham Worcestershire York REGION South West East of England North West North West South West South East South East South West South East East of England North West South West North West North East East Midlands East Midlands South West South West North East Yorkshire and The Humber South East East of England South West London North West North West South East North East West Midlands East of England Isle of Man South East South West South East Yorkshire and The Humber North West East Midlands East Midlands East Midlands East of England South East North West North East South East East of England East Midlands Yorkshire and The Humber South West Yorkshire and The Humber East Midlands North East East Midlands East Midlands South East East of England South West South West South East South East North East East Midlands West Midlands South East South West South West Yorkshire and The Humber South East East of England West Midlands North East West Midlands East of England South East South West West Midlands East of England South West North East North West West Midlands South East West Midlands South East Yorkshire and The Humber South West South East South East West Midlands Yorkshire and The Humber COUNTY_CODE GBBAS GBBED GBBWD GBBLA GBBOU GBBFO GBBAH GBBRS GBBUC GBCAM GBCHE GBCOR GBCUM GBDAR GBDER GBDES GBDEV GBDOR GBDUR GBERY GBESU GBESS GBGLS GBGLO GBGMA GBHAL GBHAM GBHAR GBHER GBHES GBIOM GBIOW GBIOS GBKEN GBKUH GBLAN GBLEI GBLES GBLIN GBLUT GBMED GBMER GBMID GBMKE GBNOR GBNEL GBNLI GBNSO GBNYO GBNOS GBNOL GBNOT GBNTS GBOXF GBPET GBPLY GBPOO GBPOR GBREA GBRAC GBRUT GBSHR GBSLO GBSOM GBSGL GBSYO GBSOU GBSOE GBSTA GBSOT GBSTR GBSUF GBSUR GBSWI GBTAW GBTHU GBTOR GBTWE GBWAR GBWAW GBWBE GBWMI GBWSU GBWYO GBWIL GBWAM GBWOK GBWOR GBYOR WALES Blaenau Gwent Bridgend Caerphilly Cardiff Carmarthenshire Ceredigion Conwy Denbighshire Flintshire Gwynedd Isle of Anglesey Merthyr Tydfil Monmouthshire Neath Port Talbot Newport Pembrokeshire Powys Rhondda Cynon Taff Swansea Torfaen Vale of Glamorgan Wrexham  Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales Wales  GBBGW GBBRI GBCAE GBCAR GBCAS GBCER GBCON GBDEN GBFLI GBGWY GBIOA GBMTY GBMON GBNPT GBNEW GBPEM GBPOW GBRCT GBSWA GBTOF GBVOG GBWRE SCOTLAND Aberdeen Aberdeenshire Angus Argyll and Bute Clackmannanshire Dumfries and Galloway Dundee East Ayrshire East Dunbartonshire East Lothian East Renfrewshire Edinburgh Falkirk Fife Glasgow Highland Inverclyde Midlothian Moray North Ayrshire North Lanarkshire Orkney Perth & Kinross Renfrewshire Scottish Borders Shetland South Ayrshire South Lanarkshire Stirling West Dunbartonshire West Lothian Western Isles  North Scotland North Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland North Scotland South Scotland South Scotland North Scotland South Scotland South Scotland North Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland North Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland South Scotland North Scotland  GBABE GBABS GBANG GBAAB GBCLA GBDAG GBDUN GBEAY GBEDU GBELO GBERE GBEDI GBFAL GBFIF GBGLA GBHIG GBINV GBMLO GBMOR GBNAY GBNLA GBORK GBPAK GBREN GBSBO GBSHE GBSAY GBSLA GBSTI GBWDU GBWLO GBWIS NORTHERN IRELAND Antrim Armagh Belfast Down Fermanagh Londonderry Tyrone EIRE Carlow Cavan Clare Cork Donegal Dublin Galway Kerry Kildare Kilkenny Laois Leitrim Limerick Longford Louth Mayo Meath Monaghan Offaly Roscommon Sligo Tipperary Waterford Westmeath Wexford Wicklow  Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire Eire  GBUAN GBUAR GBUBE GBUDO GBUFE GBULO GBUTY ERCAR ERCAV ERCLA ERCOR ERDON ERDUB ERGAL ERKER ERKIL ERKIK ERLAO ERLEI ERLIM ERLON ERLOU ERMAY ERMEA ERMON EROFF ERROS ERSLI ERTIP ERWAT ERWES ERWEX ERWIC  APPENDIX G SPECIES WITH PRECOCIAL YOUNG OR WHERE BROOD SIZE MAY NOT BE KNOWN 20RETDIRed-throated Diver4700RINPLRinged Plover70LITGRLittle Grebe4820DOTTEDotterel90GRCGRGreat Crested Grebe4850GOLPLGolden Plover220FULMAFulmar4860GREPLGrey Plover460MANSHManx Shearwater4930LAPWILapwing520STOPEStorm Petrel5120DUNLIDunlin550LEAPELeach's Petrel5170RUFFRuff710GANNEGannet5190SNIPESnipe720CORMOCormorant5290WOODCWoodcock800SHAGShag5320BLTGOBlack-tailed Godwit1520MUTSWMute Swan5380WHIMBWhimbrel1530BEWSWBewick's Swan5410CURLECurlew1610GREGOGreylag Goose5460REDSHRedshank1660CANGOCanada Goose5480GRESHGreenshank1670BARGOBarnacle Goose5540WOOSAWood Sandpiper1730SHELDShelduck5560COMSACommon Sandpiper1790WIGEOWigeon5640RENPHRed-necked Phalarope1820GADWAGadwall5670ARCSKArctic Skua1840TEALTeal5690GRESKGreat Skua1860MALLAMallard5750MEDGUMediterranean Gull1890PINTAPintail5780LITGULittle Gull1910GARGAGarganey5820BLHGUBlack-headed Gull1940SHOVEShoveler5900COMGUCommon Gull1980POCHAPochard5910LBBGULesser Black-backed Gull2030TUFDUTufted Duck5920HERGUHerring Gull2060EIDEREider6000GBBGUGreat Black-backed Gull2230GOOSAGoosander6110SANTESandwich Tern3670GREPAGrey Partridge6140ROSTERoseate Tern4070WATRAWater Rail6150COMTECommon Tern4080SPOCRSpotted Crake6160ARCTEArctic Tern4210CORNCCorncrake6240LITTELittle Tern4240MOORHMoorhen6340GUILLGuillemot4290COOTCoot6360RAZORRazorbill4500OYSTEOystercatcher6380BLAGUBlack Guillemot4560AVOCEAvocet6540PUFFIPuffin4590STOCUStone-curlew7240CUCKOCuckoo4690LIRPLLittle Ringed Plover APPENDIX H COLOUR MARK CODING Position Each leg bone can have up to four colour marks attached. Wing and neck up to two. Each of these body parts are known as positions. Marks are always recorded from the top down. The reading of any digits eg BIN should be from left to right as if they were the letters from a word. The orientation of the writing on the ring whether it goes round, up or down should not affect the code. In the Submission file the position codes mentioned below are not included as the position is indicated by the field in the submission record. The colour mark codes are also enclosed in double quotation marks.  The first two characters denote the position LB: left below the inter-tarsal joint ("knee"), LA: left above, RB: right below, RA: right above, NC: Neck collar, RW: right wing tag, LW: left wing tag. NS: Nasal tags and saddles. Note that special permission is required to use unconventional marks (ie anything other than conventional colour rings), please contact the Ringing Unit for details. The colour marks at each position are listed from top down separated by commas (,). So for yellow over BTO ring on the right leg on the tarsus (below the tarsal joint) we have RBY,M.  If colour marks are on multiple positions each position code is separated by a semicolon eg LAG,Y;RAP,M . Inscriptions (including digits, bands and wasp rings)  If the colour mark has digits enscribed these are recorded after the mark's colour code in parentheses. The colour of the digits is required this is recorded as the second colour of a two colour code eg a Green darvic with Black digits on a Gull's left tarsus with code XSL would be LBGN(XSL);RBN,M when the black over BTO position is added. If there are bars around the ring then these are recorded using the forward slash (/) symbol. Example 1: letter R separated from letter B by a bar (all black) round a white ring (on the left tarsus) would be LBWN(R/B); Example 2: as example 1 except that the bar is replaced by a bar at each end of the ring would be LBWN(/RB/). If a two-colour mark is used with different colour digits on each it should be recorded as two marks; if they are the same colour then see below under two colour marks. To record a tall ring a suffix code of T is used. For Wasp rings with positional bands on a (tall) ring a suffix of a hash (#) is used; the wasp bands are recorded as for inscriptions except that the only characters allowed are 0 for no band, 1 for thin band and 2 for thick band. For a yellow wasp ring with black bands on the left tarsus with a thin band over a thick band over no band is coded LBY#N(120). Leg Flags Note: Special permission is required to use leg flags as they are an unconventional mark, please contact the Ringing Unit for details. To record leg flags a suffix code of F is used. eg LBRF is a red flag on the left tarsus. Nasal tags and saddles Note: This field is not currently in use. Special permission is required to use nasal tags or saddles as they are unconventional marks, please contact the Ringing Unit for details. Nasal tags and saddles are both recorded using the NS position code. Nasal saddles follow the standard convention eg NSRB(QQ) for a Red Nasal Saddle with a Blue "QQ" inscription. Nasal tags always come in pairs and are treated as two marks on the same position with the tag on the birds right side being recorded first. Tags also have a shape which is recorded after the colour code within square parentheses. Tag shape codes are: square [Q], rectangle [R], triangle [T], circle [C], hexagon [H], octagon [O], star [S]. For a bird with a red, square tag on the right and green circular tag on the left the coding is NSR[Q],G[C]. Marks with two colours (on one ring, tag or flag). For two-colour marks a number after the colour indicates the type. Blank is the default for a single colour, 2 for narrow (multiple stripes of each colour) stripes and 3 for thick (one stripe of each colour) stripes. eg RAPC2,M for a Pale Blue/Dark Pink narrow striped ring over BTO metal. The top colour, if applicable, should be the first letter of the code. If a striped colour mark has digits inscribed that are all the same colour then the colour code of the digits follows the colour codes for the ring. eg a white and green thick striped neck collar with dark blue digits XYZ would be recorded as NCWG3B(XYZ).  Colour codes for colour marks RRedPPale BlueWWhiteOOrangeGGreen (dark)CDark Pink (Carmine)LLight Green (Lime)KLight PinkNBlack (Niger) BBlue (dark)MBTO Metal RingVViolet/Mauve/PurpleYYellowSSilver/GreyUBrown (Umber)AAny other metal ring APPENDIX I RACE CODES ENGLISH_NAMELATIN_NAMEEURINGSPECIES RACE INITIAL NOTES NOCODECODE RACE CODEBewick's SwanCygnus columbianus1530BEWSW00Whistling Swan Cygnus columbianus columbianus1531 11Bewick's Swan (bewickii)Cygnus columbianus bewickii1532 22Bean GooseAnser fabalis1570BEAGO00Taiga Bean GooseAnser fabalis fabalis1571 11Tundra Bean GooseAnser fabalis rossicus1574 44White-fronted GooseAnser albifrons1590WHFGO00European White-fronted GooseAnser albifrons albifrons1591 11Greenland White-fronted GooseAnser albifrons flavirostris1592 22Brent GooseBranta bernicla1680BREGO00Brent Goose (dark-bellied)Branta bernicla bernicla1681 11Brent Goose (light-bellied)Branta bernicla hrota1682 22Black BrantBranta bernicla nigricans1683 33DunlinCalidris alpina5120DUNLI00Dunlin (alpina)Calidris alpina alpina5121DUNLI11Dunlin (arctica)Calidris alpina arctica5122DUNLI *33NB doesn't follow patternDunlin (schinzii)Calidris alpina schinzii5123DUNLI *22NB doesn't follow patternDunlin (schinzii/arctica)Calidris alpina schinz/arctica5128DUNLI *44NB doesn't follow patternLesser Black-backed GullLarus fuscus5910LBBGU00Lesser Black-backed Gull (fuscus)Larus fuscus fuscus5911 11Lesser Black-backed Gull (graellsiiLarus fuscus graellsii5912 22Lesser Black-backed Gull (intermed)Larus fuscus intermedius5913 33Herring GullLarus argentatus5920HERGU00Herring Gull (argentatus)Larus argentatus argentatus5921 11Caspian GullLarus argentatus cachinnans5927 77Herring Gull (argenteus)Larus argentatus argenteus5928 88Herring Gull (smithsonianus)Larus argentatus smithsonianus26632 1226632Corresponding with euring Iceland GullLarus glaucoides5980ICEGU00Iceland Gull (glaucoides)Larus glaucoides glaucoides5981 11Kumlien's Gull Larus glaucoides kumlieni5982 22Barn OwlTyto alba7350BAROW00Barn Owl (alba)Tyto alba alba7351 11Barn Owl (guttata)Tyto alba guttata7352 22Yellow WagtailMotacilla flava10170YELWA00Blue-headed WagtailMotacilla flava flava10171 11Yellow Wagtail (flavissima)Motacilla flava flavissima10172 22Grey-headed WagtailMotacilla flava thunbergi10173 33Yellow Wagtail (feldegg)Motacilla flava feldegg10174 44Yellow Wagtail (cinereocapilla)Motacilla flava cinereocapilla10175 55Yellow Wagtail (beema)Motacilla flava beema 10178 88Yellow Wagtail (simillima)Motacilla flava simillima26643 1326643Corresponding with euring Yellow Wagtail (leucocephala)Motacilla flava leucocephala26642 1226642Corresponding with euring Pied WagtailMotacilla alba10200PIEWA00Pied Wagtail (White)Motacilla alba alba10201WHIWA11Pied Wagtail (yarrellii)Motacilla alba yarrellii1020222DipperCinclus cinclus10500DIPPE00Black-bellied Dipper Cinclus cinclus cinclus1050111Dipper (gularis)Cinclus cinclus gularis1050444BluethroatLuscinia svecica11060BLUTH00Bluethroat (svecica)Luscinia svecica svecica1106111Bluethroat (cyanecula)Luscinia svecica cyanecula1106222RedstartPhoenicurus phoenicurus11220REDST00Redstart (phoenicurus)Phoenicurusphoenicurus hoenicurus1122111Redstart (samamisicus)Phoenicurusphoenicurus amamiscus1122222StonechatSaxicola torquata11390STOCH00Stonechat (stejnegeri)Saxicola torquata stejnegeri1139222Stonechat (maura)Saxicola torquata maura1139444Stonechat (hibernans)Saxicola torquata hibernans1139555Lesser WhitethroatSylvia curruca12740LESWH00Lesser Whitethroat (curraca)Sylvia curruca curruca1274111Lesser Whitethroat (halimomodendriSylvia curruca halimodendri1274333Lesser Whitethroat (minula)Sylvia curruca minula 1274444Lesser Whitethroat (min./halim.)Sylvia c. minula/halimodendri998171799817NB doesn't follow patternLong-tailed TitAegithalos caudatus14370LOTTI00Long-tailed Tit (caudatus)Aegithalos caudatus caudatus1437111Long-tailed Tit (rosaleus)Aegithalos caudatus rosaleus1437555Woodchat ShrikeLanius senator15230WOOSH00Woodchat Shrike (senator)Lanius senator senator1523111Woodchat Shrike (badius)Lanius senator badius1523222BullfinchPyrrhula pyrrhula17100BULLF00Bullfinch (pyrrhula)Pyrrhula pyrrhula pyrrhula1710111Bullfinch (pileata)Pyrrhula pyrrhula pileata1710333  Sightings/Observations are reports of metal or colour rings read in the field, or records from satellite, RFID tag or radio tag without the bird being caught. They may be either controls or retraps.  ie alive but not a new bird, control, retrap or sighting, or not known if alive. Eg ringed bird, which came down neighbours chimney and was handed to ringer, note put through ringers letterbox with note of a ring number but no indication if bird alive or dead and no contact name and address. 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